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Luca Giordano
Self-Portrait, ca. 1692
Born	(1634-10-18)18 October 1634 Naples
Died	12 January 1705(1705-01-12) (aged 70) Naples
Nationality	Italian
Known for	Painting
Movement	Baroque

Luca Giordano (18 October 1634 – 12 January 1705) was an Italian late Baroque painter and printmaker in etching. Fluent and decorative, he worked successfully in Naples and Rome, Florence and Venice, before spending a decade in Spain.

Early life and training

Luca Giordano

Venus and Mars, ca. 1670s

Demokrit, 1690, Hamburger Kunsthalle

Resurrection, after 1665, Residenzgalerie, Salzburg

The Rape of Lucretia, 1663

Born in Naples, Giordano was the son of the painter Antonio Giordano.^[1] In around 1650 he was apprenticed to Ribera^[2] on the recommendation of the viceroy of Naples^[3] and his early work was heavily influenced by his teacher. Like Ribera, he painted many half-length figures of philosophers, either imaginary portraits of specific figures, or generic types.^[4]

He acquired the nickname Luca fa presto, which translates into "Luca paints quickly." His speed, in design as well as handiwork, and his versatility, which enabled him to imitate other painters deceptively, earned for him two other epithets, "The Thunderbolt" (Fulmine) and "The Proteus" of painting.^[3]

Following a period studying in Rome, Parma and Venice, Giordano developed an elaborate Baroque style fusing Venetian and Roman Influences. His mature work combines the ornamental pomp of Paul Veronese with the lively complex schemes, the "grand manner", of Pietro da Cortona. He is also noted for his lively and showy use of colour.^[3]

Florence

In 1682–1683 Giordano painted various fresco series in Florence, including one in the dome of Corsini Chapel of the Chiesa del Carmine. In the large block occupied by the former Medici palace, he painted the ceiling of the Biblioteca Riccardiana (Allegory of Divine Wisdom) and the long gallery of the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi. The vast frescoes of the latter are contained in the 1670s gallery addition, overlooking the gardens. The planning was overseen by Alessandro Segni and commissioned by Francesco Riccardi. They include the prototypic hagiographic celebration of the Medici family in the center, surrounded by a series of interlocking narratives: allegorical figures (the Cardinal Virtues, the Elements of Nature) and mythological episodes (Neptune and Amphitrita, The Rape of Proserpine, The Triumphal procession of Bacchus, The Death of Adonis, Ceres and Triptolemus).^[5]

Court painter in Spain (1692–1702)

In 1692 Giordano went to Spain at the invitation of Charles II. He stayed there for ten years, returning to Naples in 1702, following Charles' death. While in Spain, he painted major decorative schemes at the Buen Retiro Palace, El Escorial, the sacristry of Toledo Cathedral, and other sites. He also painted many pictures for the court, private patrons and churches.^[6] His pupils, Aniello Rossi and Matteo Pacelli, assisted him in Spain. Giordano was popular at the Spanish court, and the king granted him the title of a "caballero".^[3]

Late work in Naples

After his return to Naples early in 1702, Giordano continued to paint prolifically.^[6] Executed in a lighter, less rhetorical style, these late works, prefiguring Rococo, proved influential throughout the eighteenth century, and were admired by Fragonard.^[6]

He spent large sums in acts of munificence, and was particularly liberal to poorer artists. One of his maxims was that the good painter is the one whom the public like, and that the public are attracted more by colour than by design.^[3]

Giordano had an astonishing facility, which often lead to an impression of superficiality of his works. He left many works in Rome, and far more in Naples. Of the latter, his Christ expelling the Traders from the Temple in the church of the Padri Girolamini, a colossal work, full of expressive "lazzaroni" or beggars from Naples; also the frescoes of the Triumph of Judith at San
Martino[1], and those in the Tesoro della Certosa, including the subject of Moses and the Brazen Serpent; and the cupola paintings in the Church of Santa Brigida. This church contains the artist's own tomb. Other notable examples are the Judgment of Paris in the Berlin Museum, and Christ with the Doctors in the Temple, in the Corsini Gallery of Rome. In later years, he painted influential frescoes for the Cappella Corsini, the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi and other works.^[3]

Giordano died in Naples in 1705.

Influence

Dream of Solomon, ca. 1694–1695

His best pupil in painting was Paolo de Matteis. However, his influence, like his travels and career, were broad and prolific. For example, he is said to have influenced in Venice, Giovan Battista Langetti, Giovanni Coli, and Filippo Gherardi.^[7] Other pupils included Juan Antonio Boujas, Nunzio Ferraiuoli (Nunzio degli Afflitti), Ansel Fiammingo (il Franceschitto or Francesquitto), Giovanni Battista Lama, Andrea Miglionico, Giuseppe Simonelli, Andrea Vicenti, Andrea Viso,^[8]Ferrante Amendola, Pedro de Calabria, Matteo Pacelli, Francisco Tramulles, Nicolo Maria Rossi, and Aniello Rossi.^[9]

As a young man, Giordano engraved works with considerable skill, including some of his own paintings, such as the Slaughter of the Priests of Baal. He also painted much on the crystal borderings of looking-glasses, cabinets and others seen in many Italian palaces, and was, in this form of art, the master of Pietro Garofalo.^[3]

Critical reputation

Giordano has been criticized as being a prolific trader of all styles, and master of none. Michael Levey remarks of him "Giordano was the ideal rococo painter, speedy, prolific, dazzling in colour, assured in draughtsmanship, ever-talented and never touching the fringe of genius."^[10] He has been viewed as a proto-Tiepolo, reanimating that grand manner of Cortona in a style that would brighten with Tiepolo.

Gallery

See also Category:Paintings by Luca Giordano.

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  St. Michael, ca. 1663, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin
  

  
  

  
  


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  The Adoration of the Magi
  

  
  

  
  


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  The creation of man, 1684–1686, fresco in the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi in Florence
  

  
  

  
  


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  Triumph of Judith, Certosa di San Martino, Naples
  

  
  

  
  


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  Triumph of the Medici in the clouds of Mount Olympus, 1684–1686, fresco in the Palazzo Medici-Riccardi
  

  
  

  
  


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  Mars and Venus with Cupid, 1663, Museo di Capodimonte, Naples
  

  
  

  
  

References

Sources

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  Painting in Naples 1606-1705: From Caravaggio to Giordano. Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Royal Academy, London. London: Royal Academy. 1982.
  


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  De Dominici, Bernardo (1729). Francesco Ricciardo, ed. Vita del Cavaliere D. Luca Giordano, pittore napoletano'. Francesco RIcciardo, Naples.
  


• Encyclopædia Britannica 2004 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD


• O. Ferrari - G. Scavizzi, Luca Giordano, Napoli, varie edizioni (1966, 1992, 2000)


• M.Horak, Importanti opera di Luca Giordano a Piacenza, in "Strenna Piacentina 2011" - Amici dell'Arte, Piacenza 2011


• G. Scavizzi - G. De Vito, Luca Giordano giovane 1650-1664, Napoli, 2012


• M. Horak, Luca Giordano: la grande pala in Santa Teresa, in "Panorama Musei", anno XVII, n. 1, 2012

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Drawings by Luca Giordano.

• Luca Giordano at Artcyclopedia


• Work of the month - Erminia and the Shepherds - Ducal House of Medinaceli Foundation


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  Jusepe de Ribera, 1591-1652, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which includes material on Luca Giordano (see index)