劉岱
Multi tool use
本文介紹的是東漢兗州刺史。關於曹操的另外一位同名部將，請見「
刘岱 (曹操)」。
劉岱（?－192年），字公山，東漢東萊郡牟平縣（今山東省煙台市福山區西北）人。他是西漢齊孝王劉將閭之子牟平共侯刘渫的后代[1]，山陽太守劉輿（又名劉方）的兒子，揚州牧劉繇之兄。
生平
劉岱的伯父劉寵曾經擔任過東漢的太尉，劉岱本人則在漢朝歷任侍中、侍御史、兗州刺史。
中平二年（185年），中常侍张让、赵忠说服汉灵帝收天下田花大钱修宫殿，铸就铜人，樂安太守陆康上表劝阻，激怒灵帝。灵帝欲治陆康大不敬之罪，辛亏当时担任侍御史的劉岱上表解释才使得陆康逃过杀身之祸。后董卓掌政，听从伍琼、周毖之言以刘岱为兖州刺史。
初平元年（190年）春正月，劉岱依從袁紹、曹操起兵反對董卓，加入討伐董卓之戰。後來劉岱與東郡太守橋瑁不和，最終劉岱殺了橋瑁，改任王肱為東郡太守。
劉岱又與袁紹、公孫瓚和親，袁紹讓自己的家眷居住在劉岱的居所，公孫瓚也派部下的從事范方率軍協助劉岱。此後袁紹與公孫瓚有了矛盾，公孫瓚在擊破袁紹軍後便讓劉岱與袁紹斷絕來往，又對范方說：「假如劉岱不把袁紹的家眷趕走的話，你就率軍回來。等我滅了袁紹，就要攻打劉岱了。」劉岱為此連日不能決斷，他的別駕王彧告訴劉岱不如去詢問程昱。於是劉岱召見了程昱，向他詢問計策，程昱勸說劉岱不如幫助袁紹，劉岱聽從了他的計策，果然不久之後公孫瓚就被袁紹打敗了。
初平三年（192年），青州的百萬黃巾黨入侵了兗州，轉入東平縣。劉岱想要攻打黃巾黨，鮑信卻勸他最好固守。劉岱不聽鮑信的勸告，與黃巾黨交戰，兵敗被殺。
評價
陶丘洪：「若明使君用公山于前，擢正礼于后，所谓御二龙于长涂，骋骐骥于千里，不亦可乎?」
《续汉书》：「岱、繇皆有隽才。」
《英雄记》：「岱孝悌仁恕，以虚己受人。」
參考資料
- 《三國志·魏書·武帝紀》
- 《三國志·吳書·劉繇傳》註引《續漢書》
- 《三國志·魏志十四·程昱傳》
^ 《后汉书·卷七十六·循吏列传第六十六》：刘宠字祖荣，东莱牟平人，齐悼惠王之后也。悼惠王子孝王将闾，将闾少子封牟平侯，子孙家焉。
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本文介紹的是東漢兗州刺史。關於曹操的另外一位同名部將，請見「刘岱 (曹操)」。
