共有衍徵
Multi tool use
共有衍徵或共源性狀，在演化生物學是一種兩個或以上終端分類單元共有及從其最近共同祖先承襲的衍生性狀狀態。
共有衍徵是一種衍生而來的性狀狀態，並源自其後最共同祖先。假若有物種A及B，牠們的共同祖先是C，而C的祖先則是D。若A及B都有共同的特徵X，而C也有，但D卻沒有，則特徵X就是一種源自A及B最後共同祖先C的共有衍徵。除了共有衍徵外，性狀狀態還可以有共有祖徵或趨同性，而共有衍徵是與共有祖徵及趨同性相反的觀念。
真正的共有衍徵一般都是獨有的，但卻與其原意無關。在支序分類學中，共有衍徵是用來確定種系發生。故此共有衍徵是一種試驗數據，能足以支持某些終端群為一演化支的假說，或是從一個分支中排除其他類群等。由於一些物種可能會後來失去了這種共有衍徵，故是否同一演化支內的所有成員都有該共有衍徵並不重要。
參考文獻
參見
系统发生学主題
|
|---|
|
| 相关领域 |
- 计算系统发生学
- 分子系统发生学
- 支序分類學
- 进化分类学
|
|
| 基本概念 |
Phylogenesis
系統發生樹
- 演化網路
- 長枝吸引效應
演化支 與 Evolutionary grade
Lineage (evolution)
- Ghost population
|
|
| 推理方法 |
- Maximum parsimony
- 最大簡約法
- Probabilistic methods
Distance matrices in phylogeny
- 近鄰結合法
- UPGMA
Least squares inference in phylogeny（見最小平方法）
- Three-taxon analysis
|
|
| 当前的课题 |
- PhyloCode
- DNA条形码
- 分子系统发生学
- Phylogenetic comparative methods
- Phylogenetic niche conservatism
- List of phylogenetics software
- Phylogenomics
- 系統地理學
- DNA phylogeny
|
|
| Group traits |
Primitive (phylogenetics)
- Plesiomorphy
- Symplesiomorphy
- Derived
|
|
| 群組種類 |
|
|
| 名稱 |
- Phylogenetic nomenclature
- Crown group
- 旁系群
- 基群
- Supertree
|
|
 进化生物学的课题列表
 演化生物学
|
|
7zD7IrdTk7gcGtKYVfK19c
Popular posts from this blog
Place in Moyen-Ogooué, Gabon Lambaréné Street in Lambaréné Lambaréné Location in Gabon Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E / 0.68833°S 10.23194°E / -0.68833; 10.23194 Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E / 0.68833°S 10.23194°E / -0.68833; 10.23194 Country Gabon Province Moyen-Ogooué Population (2013 census) • Total 38,775 Lambaréné is a town and the capital of Moyen-Ogooué in Gabon. With a population of 38,775 as of 2013, it is located 75 kilometres south of the equator. Lambaréné is based in the Central African Rainforest at the river Ogooué. This river divides the city into 3 districts: Rive Gauche, Ile Lambaréné and Rive Droite. The Albert Schweitzer Hospital and the districts Adouma and Abongo are located on Rive Droite. The districts Atongowanga, Sahoty, Dakar, Grand Village, Château, Lalala and Bordamur build the Ile Lambaréné. The majority of the people in Lambaréné live in the district Isaac located on Rive Gauche. This distr...
This article is about the number. For the year, see 800. For other uses, see 800 (disambiguation). Natural number ← 799 800 801 → List of numbers — Integers ← 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 → Cardinal eight hundred Ordinal 800th (eight hundredth) Factorization 2 5 × 5 2 Greek numeral Ω´ Roman numeral DCCC Binary 1100100000 2 Ternary 1002122 3 Quaternary 30200 4 Quinary 11200 5 Senary 3412 6 Octal 1440 8 Duodecimal 568 12 Hexadecimal 320 16 Vigesimal 200 20 Base 36 M8 36 800 ( eight hundred ) is the natural number following 799 and preceding 801. It is the sum of four consecutive primes (193 + 197 + 199 + 211). It is a Harshad number. Contents 1 Integers from 801 to 899 1.1 800s 1.2 810s 1.3 820s 1.4 830s 1.5 840s 1.6 850s 1.7 860s 1.8 870s 1.9 880s 1.10 890s 2 References Integers from 801 to 899 800s Main article: 801...
Harriet Andersson Harriet Andersson in 2014 Born ( 1932-02-14 ) 14 February 1932 (age 87) Stockholm, Sweden Nationality Swedish Occupation Actress Years active 1949–2007 Spouse(s) Bertil Wejfeldt ( m. 1959–1964) Bobo Håkansson ( m. 1980–1982) Partner(s) Per Oscarsson (1951–1953) Ingmar Bergman (1953–1955) Gunnar Hellström (1956–1958) Jörn Donner (1960s) Börje Åberg (1970s) Ulf Törnberg (1970s) Children 1 Harriet Andersson (born 14 February 1932) is a Swedish actress, best known outside Sweden for being part of director Ingmar Bergman's stock company. She often plays impulsive, working class characters. Contents 1 Film actress 2 Awards 3 Private life 4 Selected filmography 5 References 6 Notes 7 External links Film actress Harriet Andersson began her acting career as a 15-year-old student at Calle Flygare stage school. She joined director Ingmar Bergman for several stage productions at Malmö sta...
演化生物学
