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Death Valley, Spring 2005: ephemeral Lake Badwater in the flooded Badwater Basin

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A geographic sink is a depression within an endorheic basin where water collects with no visible outlet. Instead of discharging, the collected water is lost due to evaporation and/or penetration (water sinking underground, e.g., to become groundwater in an aquifer). If the sink has karstic terrain, water will sink at a higher rate than the surface evaporation, and conversely if the lakebed or sink bed has a layer of soil that is largely impervious to water (hardpan), evaporation will predominate. Since dry lakes in sinks with hardpan have little penetration, they require more severe aridity/heat to eliminate collected water at a comparable rate as for a similar sink with appreciable penetration.

Depending on losses, precipitation, and inflow (e.g., a spring, a tributary, or flooding); the temporal result of a lake in a sink may be a persistent lake, an intermittent lake, a playa lake (temporarily covered with water), or an ephemeral lake.

List of geographic sinks

• 
  Mediterranean Sink during the Messinian Event
  


• 
  Red Sea when blocked off by the Perim volcano


• Africa: Afar Depression
  


• USA: Carson Sink
  


• USA: Humboldt Sink
  


• USA: Quinn River Sink


• USA: Salton Sink
  

See also

• 
  Endorheic basin – Closed drainage basin that allows no outflow


• 
  Sinkhole – Depression or hole in the ground caused by collapse of the surface into an existing void space

References

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