在基督教中，“敬奉”（英语：veneration；拉丁語：veneratio；希臘語：δουλια，dulia）或veneration of saints，是一个纪念圣人的特别活动，后者在该宗教传统中被确认为非凡者。该活动在东正教会、罗马天主教会，有时也在圣公宗成员中举行。敬奉经常在表面上显示为在圣人的圣像画、圣髑或雕像前恭敬地鞠躬或画十字聖號（sign of the cross）。上述各项物品也可能被亲吻。
本词在中文中的翻译除“敬奉”外，还有“敬礼”、“恭敬”等译法。
目录
1罗马天主教，正教，及圣公宗
2其他宗教传统
3参考文献
3.1引用
3.2来源
4参见
罗马天主教，正教，及圣公宗
在罗马天主教、正教、及盎格鲁天主教（Anglo-Catholicism）神学中，敬奉是不同于仅属于上帝的崇拜（adoration）的一种尊敬。根据来自斯丢本维尔方济各会大学（Franciscan University of Steubenville）的执事（Deacon）马克·米拉维里博士（Dr. Mark Miravelle）的研究，英文单词"worship"与veneration和adoration都相关。[1]
And they told the king saying, "Behold, Nathan the prophet." And he came in before the king and he prostrated himself unto the king upon his face, to the ground.
该词亦可见于Genesis 23:7, 27:29, 33:3, 2 Kings 2:15, 1 Samuel 25:41以指通过向其鞠躬或拜倒以表示的对人的尊敬。
And he said, "Nay, but as captain of the host of the LORD have I now come." And Joshua fell on his face to the earth and worshiped, and said unto him, "What saith my lord unto his servant?" (21st Century KJV)
其他宗教传统
在基督新教中，如同其他一神教如伊斯兰教和犹太教一样，敬奉有时被视为等于偶像崇拜的异端，而与列圣有关的活动等于神化的异端。新教神學通常否認敬奉（veneration）和崇拜之間可以有任何實在的區別，並且宣稱敬奉活動將基督徒的靈魂从真正的对象——对上帝的崇拜处分散開。在其基督教要义（Institutes of the Christian Religion），约翰·加尔文写道，"(t)he distinction of what is called dulia and latria was invented for the very purpose of permitting divine honours to be paid to angels and dead men with apparent impunity."与此类似，伊斯兰教也谴责任何对圣像画的敬奉。印度教尊敬圣像画和穆谛（Murti），经常被视为偶像崇拜，可能也被看作是敬奉的一种。
^Mark Miravalle, S.T.D, What is Devotion to Mary? 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2009-03-29.
^Mariology Society of America http://mariologicalsocietyofamerica.us
^Centers of Marian Study 存档副本. [2008-02-28]. （原始内容存档于2007-12-02）.已忽略文本“2007-12-02” (帮助)
^Publisher’s Notice in the Second Italian Edition (1986), reprinted in English Edition, Gabriel Roschini, O.S.M. (1989). The Virgin Mary in the Writings of Maria Valtorta (English Edition). Kolbe's Publication Inc. ISBN 2-920285-08-4
^שָׁחָה (shâchâh)-- A primitive root; to depress, that is, prostrate (especially reflexively in homage to royalty or God): - bow (self) down, crouch, fall down (flat), humbly beseech, do (make) obeisance, do reverence, make to stoop, worship.Hebrew Lexicon on Shachah
^Now, this was Michael, as it is said: “Michael your prince.”Rashi's commentary on Joshua 5:15
来源
ON THE INVOCATION, VENERATION, AND RELICS, OF SAlNTS, AND ON SACRED IMAGES. Roman Catholic teaching from the Council of Trent (1545–63)
"Dulia" from the Catholic Encyclopedia (1911)
a Catholic defense of Latria and Duliaa defense of the Catholic teachings of Latria and Dulia by Catholic apologist William Albrecht who covers the Biblical terms in their religious usage in the Bible
Place in Moyen-Ogooué, Gabon Lambaréné Street in Lambaréné Lambaréné Location in Gabon Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E / 0.68833°S 10.23194°E / -0.68833; 10.23194 Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E / 0.68833°S 10.23194°E / -0.68833; 10.23194 Country Gabon Province Moyen-Ogooué Population (2013 census) • Total 38,775 Lambaréné is a town and the capital of Moyen-Ogooué in Gabon. With a population of 38,775 as of 2013, it is located 75 kilometres south of the equator. Lambaréné is based in the Central African Rainforest at the river Ogooué. This river divides the city into 3 districts: Rive Gauche, Ile Lambaréné and Rive Droite. The Albert Schweitzer Hospital and the districts Adouma and Abongo are located on Rive Droite. The districts Atongowanga, Sahoty, Dakar, Grand Village, Château, Lalala and Bordamur build the Ile Lambaréné. The majority of the people in Lambaréné live in the district Isaac located on Rive Gauche. This distr...
This article is about the number. For the year, see 800. For other uses, see 800 (disambiguation). Natural number ← 799 800 801 → List of numbers — Integers ← 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 → Cardinal eight hundred Ordinal 800th (eight hundredth) Factorization 2 5 × 5 2 Greek numeral Ω´ Roman numeral DCCC Binary 1100100000 2 Ternary 1002122 3 Quaternary 30200 4 Quinary 11200 5 Senary 3412 6 Octal 1440 8 Duodecimal 568 12 Hexadecimal 320 16 Vigesimal 200 20 Base 36 M8 36 800 ( eight hundred ) is the natural number following 799 and preceding 801. It is the sum of four consecutive primes (193 + 197 + 199 + 211). It is a Harshad number. Contents 1 Integers from 801 to 899 1.1 800s 1.2 810s 1.3 820s 1.4 830s 1.5 840s 1.6 850s 1.7 860s 1.8 870s 1.9 880s 1.10 890s 2 References Integers from 801 to 899 800s Main article: 801...
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