海龟

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海归。
海龟总科
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夏威夷的绿蠵龟(Chelonia mydas)
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科学分类 
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| 界: |
动物界 Animalia
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| 门: |
脊索动物门 Chordata
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| 纲: |
爬行纲 Reptilia
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| 目: |
龟鳖目 Testudines
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| 亚目: |
曲颈龟亚目 Cryptodira
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| 下目: |
真曲颈龟下目 Eucryptodira
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| 演化支: |
近代曲颈龟类 Polycryptodira
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| 总科: |
海龟总科 Chelonioidea Bauer, 1893
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科
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海龜科 Cheloniidae
蠵龟属 Caretta
丽龟属 Lepidochelys
海龟属 Chelonia
玳瑁属 Eretmochelys
平背龜属 Natator
棱皮龜科 Dermochelyidae
†原盖龟科 Protostegidae
- †弓龟科 Toxochelyidae
- †傍海龟科 Thalassemyidae
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海龜是海洋龟類的總稱,所有龜鱉目動物中唯一生活在海洋的物種,分布範圍十分廣泛,分布於除北冰洋外的全球海域中。背上有殼,其花紋較一般陸龜或河龜複雜,殼的外型是扁平流線形,腳為船槳狀。
海龜的演化歷史相當悠久,可追尋到七千五百萬年前的白堊紀時期,當時海龜是肉食性的,這類海龜稱為古海龜,據北美的考古化石發現,古海龜的體型長達3.5公尺,與汽車一般大小,且外殼有明顯的節骨狀,可參考圖片。
全球现存海龟種類共有有2科6属7种,這兩科分別為海龟科和棱皮龜科。海龜喜歡熱帶及溫帶淺海水域,以肺呼吸,產卵時必須回到陸地上,不同海龜的主食都不大相同,多數海龜都是迴游性的,在繁殖季時會從覓食棲地回到產卵棲地,多數會回到當初出生地,進行交配及產卵。
海龜物種列表
現存的七種海龜如下:
革龜 Dermochelys coriacea
- 前鰭肢長1公尺以上且無爪,體色為黑或深藍色,具有白色小點,背甲後端較尖,成龜重約500公斤,背甲長180公分。
- 主食為水母。
赤蠵龜 Caretta caretta
- 背甲呈橢圓形,頭約20公分寬,通常為棕色或紅棕色,可重達200公斤,背甲長120公分。
- 主食為甲殼類及軟體動物
肯氏龜 Lepidochelys kempii
- 背甲接近圓形,為橄欖綠色,體型小,成龜重約45公斤,背甲長70公分。
欖蠵龜 Lepidochelys olivacea
- 背甲略微橢圓,體色為深灰綠色,成龜重約45公斤,背甲長70公分。
- 食性與赤蠵龜相似,以甲殼類為主食。
玳瑁 Eretmochelys imbricata
- 背甲的盾片呈覆瓦狀排列,口喙似鷹嘴,成龜為棕色、橘色或黃色,可重達85公斤,背甲長95公分。
- 以珊瑚礁處的海綿等動物為主食。
綠蠵龜 Chelonia mydas
- 背甲呈橢圓形,鋸齒狀的下頷,成龜從淺棕色有大花斑至近黑色,可重達230公斤,背甲長125公分。
- 以大型海草及海藻為主食。
平背龜 Natator depressus
- 背甲近圓形且扁平,具有一層薄的蠟質,背甲為欖灰色,邊緣為棕黃色,成龜重約90公斤,背甲長1公尺以上。
參看
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:海龟
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维基物种中的分类信息:海龟
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- seaturtle.org
- iTurtle.org
| 规范控制 |
- LCCN: sh85119265
- NDL: 00935660
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