酰基

Multi tool use
Multi tool use






一般醯基（藍色），醯基離子（頂部中央），醯基自由基（右上），酮（左上），醛（左下），酯（底部中央），醯胺（右下）。 （R1，R2，R3：有機取代基或氫）。




酰基的结构。


酰基[註 1]（英语：acyl group）是指從含氧酸，包括無機酸中除去一個或多個羥基基團的衍生的官能團。它包含一個強制性羰基和烷基。在有機化學中，酰基（IUPAC名：鏈烷酰基）通常是衍生自羧酸。因此，它具有結構式RCO-，其中R代表被附著到CO基用單鍵的烷基。雖然稱呼幾乎總是應用於有機化合物，但酰基原則上可以是來自於其它類型的酸如磺酸，膦酸。在最常見的安排，酰基連接到一個更大的分子片段，在這種情況下，碳和氧原子通過雙鍵相連。


酰基指的是有机或无机含氧酸去掉羟基后剩下的一价原子团，通式为R-M(O)-。酰基与卤素原子、烷氧基、氨基或取代氨基及酰氧基结合可以分别获得酰卤、酯、酰胺和酸酐。[1]


通常酰基中的M原子都为碳，但硫、磷、氙等原子也可以形成类似的酰基化合物，如四氟一氧化氙、硫酰氯、氯化亚砜。此类酰卤一般称为卤氧化物。




目录






  • 1 参见


  • 2 腳註


  • 3 註釋


  • 4 外部連結





参见




  • 乙酰基 - 甲酰基

  • 酰化反应

  • 卤氧化物



腳註




  1. ^ 「酰」，拼音：xiān



註釋





  1. ^ （英文）國際純粹與應用化學聯合會．"Acyl groups"．《化学术语总目录》在线版．





外部連結



  • 維基共享資源中与酰基相關的分類




























FVH1MQdZtCccYHvuXaxgExveEc8 GHx ROB12S1axReuv2,rJU
-
grm4gzyUGGAf7ke,pZsBgZPQoILp0,ycHDU5dLjs2fVcC3x z4N58G4rQVqKuYJuUyzn2,OeNOsA

Popular posts from this blog

Lambaréné

Image
Place in Moyen-Ogooué, Gabon Lambaréné Street in Lambaréné Lambaréné Location in Gabon Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E  /  0.68833°S 10.23194°E  / -0.68833; 10.23194 Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E  /  0.68833°S 10.23194°E  / -0.68833; 10.23194 Country   Gabon Province Moyen-Ogooué Population (2013 census)  • Total 38,775 Lambaréné is a town and the capital of Moyen-Ogooué in Gabon. With a population of 38,775 as of 2013, it is located 75 kilometres south of the equator. Lambaréné is based in the Central African Rainforest at the river Ogooué. This river divides the city into 3 districts: Rive Gauche, Ile Lambaréné and Rive Droite. The Albert Schweitzer Hospital and the districts Adouma and Abongo are located on Rive Droite. The districts Atongowanga, Sahoty, Dakar, Grand Village, Château, Lalala and Bordamur build the Ile Lambaréné. The majority of the people in Lambaréné live in the district Isaac located on Rive Gauche. This distr...
Read more

800 (number)

Image
This article is about the number. For the year, see 800. For other uses, see 800 (disambiguation). Natural number ← 799 800 801 → List of numbers — Integers ← 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 → Cardinal eight hundred Ordinal 800th (eight hundredth) Factorization 2 5 × 5 2 Greek numeral Ω´ Roman numeral DCCC Binary 1100100000 2 Ternary 1002122 3 Quaternary 30200 4 Quinary 11200 5 Senary 3412 6 Octal 1440 8 Duodecimal 568 12 Hexadecimal 320 16 Vigesimal 200 20 Base 36 M8 36 800 ( eight hundred ) is the natural number following 799 and preceding 801. It is the sum of four consecutive primes (193 + 197 + 199 + 211). It is a Harshad number. Contents 1 Integers from 801 to 899 1.1 800s 1.2 810s 1.3 820s 1.4 830s 1.5 840s 1.6 850s 1.7 860s 1.8 870s 1.9 880s 1.10 890s 2 References Integers from 801 to 899 800s Main article: 801...
Read more

Harriet Andersson

Image
Harriet Andersson Harriet Andersson in 2014 Born ( 1932-02-14 ) 14 February 1932 (age 87) Stockholm, Sweden Nationality Swedish Occupation Actress Years active 1949–2007 Spouse(s) Bertil Wejfeldt ( m.  1959–1964) Bobo Håkansson ( m.  1980–1982) Partner(s) Per Oscarsson (1951–1953) Ingmar Bergman (1953–1955) Gunnar Hellström (1956–1958) Jörn Donner (1960s) Börje Åberg (1970s) Ulf Törnberg (1970s) Children 1 Harriet Andersson (born 14 February 1932) is a Swedish actress, best known outside Sweden for being part of director Ingmar Bergman's stock company. She often plays impulsive, working class characters. Contents 1 Film actress 2 Awards 3 Private life 4 Selected filmography 5 References 6 Notes 7 External links Film actress Harriet Andersson began her acting career as a 15-year-old student at Calle Flygare stage school. She joined director Ingmar Bergman for several stage productions at Malmö sta...
Read more