Rearuh

Málaga's bullring lies in the heart of the city

Façade of the oldest bullring in Spain, La Maestranza, in Seville

The Plaza México situated in Mexico City, is the world's largest bullring

Exterior facade of the arena in Nîmes, a converted Roman amphitheatre

Plaza de Toros de Ronda

Plaza de Toros de Chinchón

A bullring is an arena where bullfighting is performed. Bullrings are often associated with Spain, but they can also be found in neighboring countries and the New World. Bullrings are often historic and culturally significant centres that bear many structural similarities to the Roman amphitheatre.

Common structure

The classic bullring is an enclosed, roughly circular amphitheatre with tiered rows of stands that surround an open central space. The open space forms the arena or ruedo, a field of densely packed crushed rock (albero) that is the stage for the bullfight. Also on the ground level, the central arena is surrounded by a staging area where the bullfighters prepare and take refuge, called the callejón (alley). The callejón is separated from the arena by a wall or other structure, usually made of wood and roughly 140 cm high. The partition wall has doors for the entrance and exit of the bull (puerta de los toriles) and human participants (puerta de cuadrilla), although the form, number, and placement of these doors will vary from one bullring to another.
In regular places, the wall is pushed outwards leaving splits (burladero, from burlar: to evade, to dodge) that allow the bullfighters to go in the arena and to take refuge but are too narrow for the bull.
Nevertheless, on rare occasions the bull jumps the wall causing havoc in the corridor.
The walls also have a type of stirrup or foothold that aids in crossing over to the central arena, and sometimes stirrups on the arena side as well; these are used mostly by event staff if they need to intervene quickly in the case of an emergency.
The arena is surrounded by climbing rows of seats.
The seats are priced differently according to the position of the sun during the show, normally in the afternoon.
The hot sol, "sun", is cheaper than the fresher sombra, "shade".

Architectural origins

Bullrings evolved as specialized sporting arenas hand-in-hand with the sport that demanded them. Many of the ancient Roman amphitheatres had characteristics that can be seen in the bullrings of today (in fact the ring in Nîmes, France, is a Roman artifact, though it is more elliptical than the usual plaza), and the origin of bullfighting is very closely related to certain Roman traditions; in the formative years of the sport on the Iberian Peninsula, those Roman enclosures were not commonly utilised for bullfighting events. Back when bullfighting festivals were conducted principally on horseback, the spectacle was a more public affair that took place in the city's open plaza area. It was only later, when bullfights were conducted principally by men on foot, that the public needed a structure to house them appropriately. Not only did the crowd need special seating to view the spectacle, they also needed a structure to contain the general disorder that reigned at festivals during the heyday of such legendary figures as Costillares, Pedro Romero, and Pepe-Hillo.

In these early days, the circular form was not to be taken for granted. When La Maestranza bullring in Seville was authorized for construction in 1730 specifically to house bullfights, the original plans called for a rectangular arena for the first three years, only later to be changed to a circular form that avoided the cornering of the action and put all viewers at the same approximate distance, the same reason for the elliptical form of amphitheatres. Another circular plaza was begun in Ronda in 1754, and it featured its first bullfights in 1782.

In the change from the 19th to the 20th century, the Neo-Mudéjar style became in vogue for plazas, involving decoration in visible brickwork.

Since the 1990s, new construction technology allows some rings to be covered permanently or temporarily.

Alternative uses

The primary purpose of the ring is bullfighting, but it is usually limited to some festival weeks in the year.
In other times, it may be used as a concert venue as in the Rock en el ruedo tour of Miguel Ríos or the live record Diamonds & Rust in the Bullring, featuring a Joan Baez concert in the Bilbao plaza.

Before the diffusion of modern sports premises, bullrings were used in the Basque Country for traditional sports similar to challenges of resistance running. The public made bets on the number of laps the runner could make. No bulls were involved.

After the battle of Badajoz (1936) of the Spanish Civil War, the Badajoz ring was used as a confinement camp for supporters of the republic and many thousands were executed there by the Nationalist forces who had just occupied the town.

Most indoor bullrings, especially in Mexico and elsewhere in Latin America, in addition to being used for concerts, have also been used for indoor sports such as basketball, ice hockey, boxing and lucha libre.

Bullrings of the world

The most famous bullrings in the world are Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas in Madrid (Spain), widely regarded as the most prestigious one, La Maestranza in Seville (Spain), and Plaza de Toros México in Mexico.^{[citation needed]}

Europe

France

• The Arena of Nîmes, Nîmes
  


• The arena in Arles
  


• The arena in Alès
  


• The arena in Mont de Marsan


• The arena in Bouillargues


• The arena in Vauvert
  


• There are also arenas in an important part of small villages of Camargue
  

Villages round the Camargue, such as Rodilhan in the Gard, who also practise 'mise à mort' - killing the bull.

Spain

Major venues in Spain

• 
  Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas, Madrid (1931)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Valencia, Valencia (1851)


• 
  La Maestranza, Seville (1761)


• 
  Plaza de toros de las Arenas, Barcelona, now a shopping mall (it conserves just the outer façade)


• 
  Plaza de toros Monumental, Barcelona (1919)

Local venues in Spain

• 
  Plaza de Toros, Aranjuez (1760 - one of the oldest in Spain)


• 
  Plaza de toros de San Roque (1853)


• 
  La Línea de la Concepción Bullring (1883)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Albacete, Albacete (1917)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Bilbao, Bilbao (1882)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de los Califas, Córdoba (1965)


• 
  Plaza de toros de El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz (1880)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Granada, Granada (1928)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Jaén, Jaén (1960)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de La Coruña, A Coruña (1991)


• 
  Plaza de Toros La Cubierta, Leganés (2001)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Illumbe, San Sebastián (1998)


• 
  Plaza de toros de La Malagueta (1874)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de La Ribera, Logroño (2001)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de La Merced, Huelva (1968)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Murcia, Murcia (1885)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Ronda, Ronda (1784)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Pamplona, Pamplona (1922) Where the famous encierro or the running of the bulls in San Fermin´s festival ends.


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Vitoria-Gasteiz, Vitoria-Gasteiz (1941)


• 
  Plaza de Toros La Glorieta, Salamanca (1893)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Zaragoza, Zaragoza (1990)


• 
  Plaza de Toros de El Bibio, Gijón (1888)

Portugal

Lisbon (Portugal) bullring, Campo Pequeno

• Campo Pequeno bullring, Lisbon
  


• Praça Toiros Palha Blanco, Vila Franca de Xira
  


• Coliseu Figueirense, Figueira da Foz
  


• Coliseu de Redondo, Redondo
  


• Monumental Praça de Touros da Póvoa de Varzim, Póvoa de Varzim (near Porto)


• Praça de Touros Amadeu Augusto dos Santos, Montijo
  


• Praça de Touros Celestino Graça, Santarém
  


• Praça de Touros da Luz, Mourão (in contemporary architectural style)


• Praça de Touros Daniel de Nascimento, Moita
  


• Praça de Touros de Abiúl, Pombal (one of the oldest)


• Praça de Touros de Estremoz, Estremoz
  


• Praça de Touros de Monsaraz, Reguengos de Monsaraz (very ancient)


• Praça de Touros de Montemor-o-Novo, Montemor-o-Novo
  


• 
  Praça de Touros da Nazaré, Nazaré
  


• Praça de Touros de Salvaterra, Salvaterra de Magos
  


• Praça de Touros de Santa Eulália, Elvas
  


• Praça de Touros de Santo António das Areias, Marvão
  


• Praça de Touros de Sobral de Monte Agraço, Sobral de Monte Agraço
  


• Praça de Touros de Urrós, Mogadouro
  


• Praça de Touros do Cartaxo, Cartaxo
  


• Praça de Touros João Branco Núncio, Alcácer do Sal
  

Africa

Morocco

• 
  Plaza de Toros Tangier, Tangier
  

Latin America

Mexico

• 
  Coliseo Centenario, Torreón
  


• 
  Plaza de Toros México, Mexico City (Currently the biggest bullring worldwide)


• 
  Plaza de Toros Monumental de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes
  


• 
  Plaza de Toros Monumental de Tijuana, Tijuana
  


• Plaza de Toros Santa María, Santiago de Querétaro
  


• 
  Plaza Monumental de Morelia, Morelia
  


• 
  Plaza Nuevo Progreso, Guadalajara
  


• Plaza El Paseo, San Luis Potosí
  


• Plaza de Toros El Relicario, Puebla
  


• Plaza Santiago J. Vivanco, Matehuala
  


• Plaza de Toros Jorge "El Ranchero" Aguilar, Tlaxcala
  


• Plaza Monumental Zacatecas, Zacatecas
  


• Plaza Monumental Monterrey Lorenzo Garza, Monterrey
  


• Plaza de Toros Alejandra, Durango
  


• Plaza de Toros Provincia Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro
  


• Plaza La Luz, León
  


• Plaza San Marcos, Aguascalientes
  


• Plaza Silverio Pérez, Texcoco
  


• Plaza Quintana Roo, Cancún
  


• Plaza de Toros Alberto Balderas, Autlán de la Grana
  


• Plaza Revolución, Irapuato
  


• Plaza de Mérida Mérida
  


• Plaza Calafia, Mexicali
  


• Palacio del Arte, Morelia
  


• Plaza de la Concordia, Orizaba
  


• Plaza de Toros La Esperanza, Chihuahua
  


• Plaza de Toros Vicente Segura, Pachuca
  


• Monumental Plaza de Toros El Pinal, Teziutlán
  


• Monumental Plaza de Toros de Don Antonio, Tepic
  


• Plaza de Toros La Sinaloense, Culiacán
  


• Plaza de Toros Alberto Balderas de Moroleón, Moroleón
  


• Plaza de Toros Monumental de Villahermosa, Villahermosa
  


• Plaza de Toros Uriel Sánchez "La Coleta", San Cristóbal de las Casas
  


• Plaza de Toros La Taurina, Huamantla
  


• Plaza de Toros Jose Julian Llaguno, Tlatenango
  

Colombia

Santamaría Bullring

• 
  Santamaría Bullring, Bogotá
  


• 
  Plaza de Toros La Macarena, Medellín
  


• 
  Plaza de Toros de Manizales, Manizales
  


• Plaza de Toros Cañaveralejo, Cali
  

Ecuador

• 
  Plaza de toros de Quito, Quito.

Peru

The Plaza de Toros de Acho, in Lima, the first bullring built in the Americas.

• 
  Plaza de toros de Acho, Lima. 2nd oldest. 30 January 1766.


• Plaza de Toros Sol y Sombra, Lima


• Plaza de Toros de la Provincia de Cutervo, Cajamarca
  


• Plaza de Toros "El Vizcaíno", Cajamarca


• Plaza de Toros de Trujillo "El Coliseo", Trujillo
  


• Plaza de Toros de El Coliseo, Huancayo
  


• Plaza de Toros de Sicaya, Huancayo


• Plaza de Toros de la Unión, Huánuco
  


• Plaza de Toros de Guadalupe, Ica
  


• Plaza de Toros de Puquío, Ayacucho.

Uruguay

• 
  Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos, Colonia del Sacramento (until 1912)

Venezuela

• Plaza Monumental de Valencia, Valencia, Carabobo. (The 2nd largest bullring in the world)


• Maestranza César Girón, Maracay
  


• 
  Plaza de toros Monumental de Maracaibo, Maracaibo
  


• 
  Plaza Monumental de Toros de Pueblo Nuevo, San Cristóbal, Táchira
  


• 
  Plaza Monumental Román Eduardo Sandia, Mérida, Mérida
  

External links

• Real Maestranza de Caballería de Ronda


• Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla


• Plaza de Toros, Ronda Spain


• Andalucia Spain bullrings


• Plaza de Toros Monumental de Barcelona

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bullrings.