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Cangzhou .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal} 沧州市
Prefecture-level city
Location of Cangzhou City jurisdiction in Hebei
Cangzhou Location of the city centre in Hebei
Coordinates: 38°19′N 116°52′E / 38.317°N 116.867°E / 38.317; 116.867
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Hebei
Area
• Prefecture-level city	14,383.46 km2 (5,553.48 sq mi)
• Urban	206.2 km2 (79.6 sq mi)
• Metro	1,750.7 km2 (675.9 sq mi)
Elevation	13 m (42 ft)
Population (2010 census)
• Prefecture-level city	7,134,062
• Density	500/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
• Urban	536,795
• Urban density	2,600/km2 (6,700/sq mi)
• Metro	1,205,814
• Metro density	690/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code	016001
Area code(s)	0317
ISO 3166 code	CN-HE-09
Licence plate prefixes	冀J
Website	cangzhou.gov.cn

Cangzhou (simplified Chinese: 沧州; traditional Chinese: 滄州; pinyin: Cāngzhōu) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Hebei province, People's Republic of China. At the 2010 census, Cangzhou's built-up (or metro) area made of Yunhe, Xinhua districts and Cang County largely being conurbated had a population of 1,205,814 inhabitants, while the prefecture-level administrative unit in total has a population of 7,134,062. It lies approximately 90 kilometres (56 mi) from the major port city of Tianjin, and 180 km (110 mi) from Beijing.

History

Cangzhou is reported to have been founded in the Southern and Northern Dynasties period (420−589 CE).

Administrative divisions

Cangzhou City comprises 2 districts, 4 county-level cities, 9 counties and 1 autonomous county.

Map
1 2 Cang County Qing County Dongguang County Haixing County Yanshan County Suning County Nanpi County Wuqiao County Xian County Mengcun County Botou (city) Renqiu (city) Huanghua (city) Hejian (city) 1. Xinhua 2. Yunhe
Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2004 est.)	Area (km²)	Density (/km²)
Yunhe District	运河区	Yùnhé Qū	270,000	138	1,957
Xinhua District	新华区	Xīnhuá Qū	220,000	89	2,472
Botou City	泊头市	Bótóu Shì	550,000	977	563
Renqiu City	任丘市	Rénqiū Shì	770,000	1,023	753
Huanghua City	黄骅市	Huánghuá Shì	490,000	1,545	317
Hejian City	河间市	Héjiān Shì	770,000	1,333	578
Cang County	沧县	Cāng Xiàn	660,000	1,527	432
Qing County	青县	Qīng Xiàn	390,000	968	403
Dongguang County	东光县	Dōngguāng Xiàn	350,000	710	493
Haixing County	海兴县	Hǎixīng Xiàn	220,000	836	263
Yanshan County	盐山县	Yánshān Xiàn	400,000	795	503
Suning County	肃宁县	Sùníng Xiàn	330,000	497	664
Nanpi County	南皮县	Nánpí Xiàn	350,000	794	441
Wuqiao County	吴桥县	Wúqiáo Xiàn	280,000	603	464
Xian County	献县	Xìàn Xiàn	570,000	1,191	479
Mengcun Hui Autonomous County	孟村回族自治县	Mèngcūn Huízú Zìzhìxiàn	180,000	393	458

Economics

Cangzhou's urban center is a heavily industrial city but the city's administrative territory also includes strongly agricultural areas, and is well known in China for its Chinese jujubes (Chinese dates) and pear (widely known under the export name of Tianjin Ya Pear). The North China Oil Field is within Cangzhou City's jurisdiction. Cangzhou also encompasses a large fishing port and the coal-exporting Huanghua Harbour.

Geography and transportation

Map of the Grand Canal and vicinity

Cangzhou is located in eastern Hebei, immediately to the south of Tianjin, near the coast of the Bohai Sea of the Pacific Ocean. Bordering prefecture-level cities are Hengshui to the southwest, Baoding to the west, and Langfang to the north. It lies on the Beijing–Shanghai Railway.

The G1811 Huanghua–Shijiazhuang Expressway connects Cangzhou to Shijiazhuang, the provincial capital, and is linked to Beijing via both the G2 Beijing–Shanghai Expressway and G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway, which are concurrent within the province, and to Shanghai via G2. Cangzhou's Huanghua Harbour is the end of a main Chinese coal shipping railway, the Shuohuang Railway. Other major highways serving Cangzhou's urban area are China National Highway 104 and 307.

Major airports located closest to Cangzhou include Beijing Capital Airport and Tianjin Airport.

The Grand Canal passes directly through Cangzhou, and a district of Cangzhou (Yunhe District) is named after it.

Climate

Cangzhou has a four-season, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), with cold, dry winters, and hot, humid summers. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.0 °C (26.6 °F) to 26.5 °C (79.7 °F), while the annual mean is 12.90 °C (55.2 °F). Close to 60% of the annual rainfall of 605 mm (23.8 in) occurs in July and August alone. With possible monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 49% in July to 65% in October, the city receives 2,663 hours of bright sunshine annually.

Culture

The Iron Lion

The city has historically been known in China for its wushu (Chinese martial arts) and acrobatics (specifically, the Wu Qiao school). Cangzhou is also famed for its historic thousand-year-old 40-ton sculpture, the Iron Lion of Cangzhou. The sculpture is reportedly the largest cast-iron sculpture in the world, cast in 953 in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The famed lion has even given its name to a locally brewed beer and is a symbol of the city.^[2]

Cangzhou is home to a traditional Chinese form of musical performing arts, Kuaiban Dagu.

The city hosts seven mosques for Muslim adherents (mostly Hui). One of them, the West Mosque, has collected at its museum one of China's best collections of Islamic manuscripts and artefacts.^[3]

Demographics and society

Cangzhou, though predominated by the Han Chinese majority, is home to a sizable population of the Muslim Hui minority. Intermarriage occasionally occurs between the majority Han and the Hui, but stereotypes of Hui still exist among Cangzhou's Han residents, and some tensions remain. Migration to Hebei province and Cangzhou by Xinjiang Muslim minorities (generally ethnic Uighurs) is increasing.

Language

The dominant first language of Cangzhou's population is a variety of the northeastern Mandarin dialect continuum termed Cangzhou,^[4] and is a variety of Ji Lu Mandarin. There are some similarities with the Tianjin variety and the Baoding variety of Mandarin, but both are considered distinct groups from that of Cangzhou [2]. Dialects of the Cangzhou area vary between localities and counties, though are generally intelligible among each other.

Municipal government

The city, like all other Chinese administrative divisions, has a party committee, the People's government, the People's Congress, and the Political consultative conference.

Military

Cangzhou is home to the Cangzhou Airbase of the People's Liberation Army Air Force

Education

There is one international school in Cangzhou, the Cangzhou Zhenhua Korean International School (沧州振华韩国国际学校).^[5]

Notable residents

• 
  Sun Yue (1985), fifth Chinese national to play in the NBA


• 
  Wang Zi-Ping (1881–1973), Chinese martial arts grandmaster

References

• DuBois, Thomas. The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005.

External links

• 
  Article about the Cangzhou Lion (in Chinese)


• 
  "Chinese 'serial killer' arrested". BBC World Service. 15 November 2003. (Incident in Cangzhou)