2011 Pan American Games




"Guadalajara 2011" redirects here. For the Parapan American Games, see 2011 Parapan American Games.



















































XVI Pan American Games

Guadalajara logo for the 2011 Pan American Games.svg
Official logo of the
Guadalajara 2011 Pan American Games.

Host city Guadalajara
Country Mexico
Motto La Fiesta de las Américas (The Party of the Americas)
Nations participating 42
Athletes participating 5996 [1][2]
Events 361 in 36 sports
Opening ceremony October 14
Closing ceremony October 30
Officially opened by
President Felipe Calderón
Pan American torch Paola Espinosa
Main venue Omnilife Stadium



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2015 Toronto  >






Part of a series on


2011 Pan American Games



  • Bid process

  • Mascots

  • Venues


  • Torch relay (route)


  • Opening ceremony (flag bearers)

  • Event calendar

  • Chronological summary


  • Medal table (medalists)

  • Closing ceremony

  • Concerns and controversies

  • Parapan Games




  • PASO

  • COPAG




  • v

  • t

  • e

The 2011 Pan American Games, officially the XVI Pan American Games, was an international multi-sport event that was held from October 14–30, 2011, in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Some events were held in the nearby cities of Ciudad Guzmán, Puerto Vallarta, Lagos de Moreno and Tapalpa. It was the largest multi-sport event of 2011,[3] with approximately 6,000 athletes from 42 nations participating in 36 sports. Both the Pan American and Parapan American Games were organized by the Guadalajara 2011 Organizing Committee (COPAG). The 2011 Pan American Games were the third Pan American Games hosted by Mexico (the first country to do so) and the first held in the state of Jalisco. Previously, Mexico hosted the 1955 Pan American Games and the 1975 Pan American Games, both in Mexico City. The 2011 Parapan American Games were held 20 days after the Pan American Games have ended.


Following PASO tradition, Jalisco governor Emilio González Márquez and then Guadalajara mayor Alfonso Petersen Farah received the Pan American Sports Organization flag during the closing ceremony of the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.[4] The event was officially opened by the President of Mexico Felipe Calderón. Brett Fraser, a swimmer from the Cayman Islands,[5] won the first Pan American Games gold medal for his country, while Saint Kitts and Nevis won its first ever Pan American Games medal of any kind.[6]




Contents






  • 1 Organization


    • 1.1 Host city election


    • 1.2 Infrastructure and budget


    • 1.3 Marketing


    • 1.4 Sponsors


    • 1.5 Mascots


    • 1.6 Venues


    • 1.7 Torch relay




  • 2 The Games


    • 2.1 Opening ceremony


    • 2.2 Participating teams


    • 2.3 Sports


    • 2.4 Calendar


    • 2.5 Medal table


    • 2.6 Closing ceremony




  • 3 Concerns and controversies


    • 3.1 Security


    • 3.2 Athletes' village


    • 3.3 Venue delays


    • 3.4 Allegation of tainted meat




  • 4 See also


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links





Organization



Host city election




A map of Mexico with Guadalajara marked in the mid-west of the country.

A map of Mexico with Guadalajara marked in the mid-west of the country.

Guadalajara




Location of Guadalajara in Mexico.


PASO selected the city unanimously as the host for 16th Pan American Games on Friday, June 2, 2006, at its 44th general assembly held in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[7] Guadalajara was the only city to officially bid for the 2011 Pan American Games. This may have been in part due to no announced and/or open candidature period for the event.[7] Guadalajara initially bid for the 2003 Pan American Games which were held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.[7]San Antonio, United States, which bid for the 2007 Games, declined to bid for the 2011 games.[8]



Infrastructure and budget


Inspired by the 2003 Santo Domingo Games, Guadalajara used the Games as a cost-effective[citation needed] way to build sports infrastructure, according to Ivar Sisniega, Guadalajara 2011 international relations and sports director. Guadalajara, a metropolitan area of five million people, is a destination for cultural and business travellers.[9]


Horacio de la Vega, marketing director for Guadalajara 2011, cited the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona as the inspiration for infrastructure improvements. "Barcelona wasn't Barcelona before it got the Olympic Games. In a more modest sense, we are doing the same in Guadalajara", he said.[9] The budget was estimated at US $200 million, of which $180 million was for sports infrastructure. Some of the funding went to general street improvement and public transportation. Dr. Carlos Andrade was the head of the organizing committee.[10]


However, as the Games drew closer to starting, it was revealed that the costs of building the venues and the athletes' village had more than tripled to US$750 million.[11]


The city planned to build a new convention center and undertake road improvements. Additional plans called for transit improvements, a performing arts theater (Auditorio Telmex) and a new public library.[12] Guadalajara increased the number of available hotel rooms by 5,000 for the games.[13]


By April, Guadalajara 2011 had made over US$50 million revenue from television rights and sponsors, which was more than the previous games in Rio de Janeiro. The organizing committee had aimed for a revenue of about $70 million by the end of the Games. The organizing committee also expected to sell about one million tickets, which went on sale on May 13, 2011.[3]


In June 2011, four months before the games, Carlos Andrade stated that no construction concerns remained for Guadalajara. He said that all 23 stadiums being built would be ready for the start of the games.[14]



Marketing




The handover presentation during the 2007 Pan American Games closing ceremony.


Marketing for the games began in 2007 at the closing ceremony of the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro with a handover ceremony to the next host city. The state and national governments arranged for signs and billboards. Two TV networks, Televisa and TV Azteca, signed contracts to broadcast the Games and to advertise them.[3] Famous athletes from Mexico, including diver Fernando Platas and golfer Lorena Ochoa, were also named ambassadors to promote the games.[15] The organizing committee also signed a marketing deal with SKY México, which operates in several countries. The network created a channel dedicated to the games.[16] Classes were suspended in Guadalajara during the games to give students the chance to attend.[17]



Sponsors


There were four official sponsors for the Games: Scotiabank, Telcel, Nissan and Telmex. Accordingly, some of the venues were named after these sponsors, such as the Scotiabank Aquatics Center, Nissan Gymnastics Stadium, Telcel Tennis Complex and the Telmex Athletics Stadium. Children International was also an official benefactor of the Pan American Games. "Second tier" and "third tier" sponsors included Technogym and others.[3]



Mascots




From left to right: Gavo, Leo and Huichi.


The mascots for the 2011 Pan American Games and the 2011 Parapan American Games were Huichi, Gavo, and Leo. The organizing committee unveiled the mascots at the Plaza Andares Amphitheater in Guadalajara on November 28, 2009, and the mascots were officially named on February 10, 2010.[18]


The co-creators of the mascots were José Luis Andrade (Leo), Ángel Barba Barrera (Huichi), and Fernando Sanchez (Gavo). Each received $2,584. The mascots represented the state of Jalisco and the city of Guadalajara.[19]




  • Gavo — A blue agave (agave azul) plant that is representative of the region which is famous for its tequila production.


  • Huichi — A deer, to represent the southern part of the state


  • Leo — A lion, to represents the strong people of Guadalajara. The lion is present in the city's coat of arms.



Venues


Main article: Venues of the 2011 Pan American Games



The Omnilife Stadium hosted the opening and closing ceremonies.


The aquatic centre has two Olympic-size pools and a diving platform. The athletic facility was expanded to 15,000 during the Games and then was converted back to 5,000 seats.[9] Puerto Vallarta hosted sailing, marathon swimming, triathlon, and beach volleyball.[20]


Other cities that co-hosted the event are Tapalpa (mountain biking), Ciudad Guzmán (rowing and canoeing) and Lagos de Moreno (baseball).[21]


The opening and closing ceremonies were held at the Omnilife Stadium, which was constructed in 2010 for the Chivas football team.[22] Originally, the bigger and older Jalisco Stadium was scheduled to host the ceremonies, but the organizing committee decided to move to the newer and more technologically advanced Omnilife stadium.[20] By moving the ceremonies to the Omnilife Stadium organizers also allowed for a parade to be held through the streets of Guadalajara and an increase in the use of projections and fireworks.[23] Other venues that already existed in Guadalajara included the Weightlifting Forum and the CODE Dome. Most other venues for the games had to be constructed or expanded temporarily to host the games.[20]


10 new venues were planned including a volleyball arena, covered velodrome, shooting range, and a basketball arena. The 3,500-seat gymnastics stadium, which cost $5.5 million, opened in March 2008.[9]


In total about 35 different venues were used, with a majority of them being newly built specifically for the games.[20]



Torch relay




A ceremony is held at the Teotihuacan pyramids to light the torch.


Main article: 2011 Pan American Games torch relay

The Pan American Torch Relay brought the torch from Mexico City to the Estadio Omnilife for the Opening Ceremony. The flame arrives just in time for the opening ceremony.[21]


The relay took the torch through all 32 Mexican states on a 50-day route starting on August 26 at the pyramids of Teotihuacan outside Mexico City. About 3,500 runners carried the torch on the 15,000-kilometer route. The torch arrived in Puerto Vallarta on October 9, Ciudad Guzmán on October 11, Tapalpa on October 12, Lagos de Moreno on October 13 and Guadalajara on October 14. The torch relay was sponsored by local nutrition company Grupo Omnilife.[21]


The torch design depicted agave leaves protecting the Pan American flame. It was designed by Vatti, the same company that designed the torch for the 2008 Summer Olympics. The torch relay was organized by the Mexican Olympic Committee.[24]



The Games



Opening ceremony




A scene from the Opening ceremony.


Main article: 2011 Pan American Games opening ceremony

The opening ceremony of the games took place on October 14, 2011, at 8:00 pm CDT (01:00 UTC, October 15) at Omnilife Stadium.[citation needed] The opening ceremony was produced by Five Currents, who also produced the 2002 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony.[25]



Participating teams


All 41 members of PASO competed at the Games. The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee, which had planned to continue functioning after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles, had its membership withdrawn by the IOC Executive Committee at the IOC session on July 2011. However, it took steps to allow athletes to compete at the 2011 Pan American Games under the PASO flag.[26]


The number of competitors qualified by each delegation is indicated in parentheses.













Sports


36 sports were contested in Guadalajara. With sports such as diving, a sub-discipline of aquatics, included, the number goes up to 40 sports.[69]Futsal, which was added as sport for the 2007 Pan American Games was dropped from the program.[70]Rugby sevens replaced futsal at the games, appearing on the games program for the very first time. Racquetball and basque pelota also returned to the program after missing the last games in Rio de Janeiro. There were 361 medal events in total.[71] The 2011 Pan American Games had qualification standards for every sport just like the Olympic Games.[72] 15 out of the 26 current Summer Olympic sports, including canoeing, handball, and modern pentathlon, will use the Pan American Games as a qualifier for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.[73]


Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each sport.















Calendar


See also: Chronological summary of the 2011 Pan American Games













OC Opening ceremony
 ● Event competitions
 1 Event finals
 EG Exhibition gala
 CC Closing ceremony






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































October
 14th
Fri
 15th
Sat
 16th
Sun
 17th
Mon
 18th
Tue
 19th
Wed
 20th
Thu
 21st
Fri
 22nd
Sat
 23rd
Sun
 24th
Mon
 25th
Tue
 26th
Wed
 27th
Thu
 28th
Fri
 29th
Sat
 30th
Sun
 Events

Olympic Rings Icon.svg Ceremonies		 OC CC

Archery pictogram.svg Archery


●
 ●
 ●
 ●
2
2








4

Athletics pictogram.svg Athletics









3
5
6
9
10
12
1
1
47

Badminton pictogram.svg Badminton
●
 ●
 ●
 ●
2
3










5

Baseball pictogram.svg Baseball




●
 ●
 ●
 ●
●
1





1

Basketball pictogram.svg Basketball






●
 ●
 ●
 ●
1
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
1
2

Basque pelota pictogram.svg Basque pelota






●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
4
6



10

Bowling pictogram.svg Bowling









●
2
 ●
2



4

Boxing pictogram.svg Boxing






●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●

6
7

13

Canoeing (flatwater) pictogram.svg Canoeing












1
1
5
5

12

Cycling (road) pictogram.svg Cycling

2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2








18

Diving pictogram.svg Diving












2
2
2
2

8

Equestrian pictogram.svg Equestrian


1
 ●

1
●
 ●
2

●
1

1

6

Fencing pictogram.svg Fencing










2
2
2
2
2
2

12

Field hockey pictogram.svg Field hockey




●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
●
 ●
1
1

2

Football pictogram.svg Football



●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
●
 ●
1
1


2

Gymnastics (artistic) pictogram.svg Gymnastics

1
1
3
5





1
1
2
5
5
EG

24

Handball pictogram.svg Handball
●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
1
1






2

Judo pictogram.svg Judo












3
4
4
3

14

Karate pictogram.svg Karate













2
4
4

10

Modern pentathlon pictogram.svg Modern pentathlon

1
1














2

Squash pictogram.svg Racquetball


●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
4
 ●
 ●
2





6

Inline speed skating pictogram.svg Roller skating








●
2

2
4



8

Rowing pictogram.svg Rowing
●
 ●
4
5
5











14

Rugby union pictogram.svg Rugby sevens














●
1
1

Sailing pictogram.svg Sailing


●
 ●
 ●
●
 ●
9







9

Shooting pictogram.svg Shooting


2
2
2
3
1
2
3








15

Softball pictogram.svg Softball


●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
1







1

Squash pictogram.svg Squash
●
 ●
4
 ●
 ●
 ●
2









6

Swimming pictogram.svg Swimming

5
5
4
5
5
4
4
2








34

Synchronized swimming pictogram.svg Synchronized swimming



●
 ●
1
1









2

Table tennis pictogram.svg Table tennis
●
 ●
2
 ●
 ●
2










4

Taekwondo pictogram.svg Taekwondo

2
2
2
2












8

Tennis pictogram.svg Tennis


●
 ●
 ●
 ●
3
2








5

Triathlon pictogram.svg Triathlon









2







2

Volleyball (indoor) pictogram.svg Volleyball
●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
1
1
1
●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
1

4

Water polo pictogram.svg Water polo








●
 ●
 ●
 ●
 ●
1
1

2

Water skiing pictogram.svg Water skiing





●
 ●
3
6







9

Weightlifting pictogram.svg Weightlifting









3
3
3
3
3



15

Wrestling pictogram.svg Wrestling






4
3
4
4
3






18

Total events

11
14
24
21
18
19
20
23
31
17
18
28
43
43
28
3
361

Cumulative total

11
25
49
70
88
107
127
150
181
198
216
244
287
330
358
361
October 14th
Fri		 15th
Sat		 16th
Sun		 17th
Mon		 18th
Tue		 19th
Wed		 20th
Thu		 21st
Fri		 22nd
Sat		 23rd
Sun		 24th
Mon		 25th
Tue		 26th
Wed		 27th
Thu		 28th
Fri		 29th
Sat		 30th
Sun		 Events



Medal table


Main article: 2011 Pan American Games medal table

The top ten listed NOCs by number of gold medals are listed below with the host nation, Mexico, being highlighted. The design of the medals is intended to represent the heart of the agave plant and thus represent the Jalisco region.[74]





1 Host nation

  *   Host nation (Mexico)





































































































Rank Nation Gold Silver Bronze Total
1
 United States (USA)
 92 79 65 236
2
 Cuba (CUB)
 58 35 43 136
3
 Brazil (BRA)
 48 35 58 141
4
 Mexico (MEX)*		 42 41 50 133
5
 Canada (CAN)
 30 40 49 119
6
 Colombia (COL)
 24 25 35 84
7
 Argentina (ARG)
 21 19 35 75
8
 Venezuela (VEN)
 11 27 33 71
9
 Dominican Republic (DOM)
 7 9 17 33
10
 Ecuador (ECU)
 7 8 9 24
Totals (10 nations) 340 318 394 1052



Closing ceremony


Main article: 2011 Pan American Games closing ceremony

The closing ceremony of the games took place on October 30, 2011, beginning at 8:00 pm CST (02:00 UTC, October 31) at Omnilife Stadium.[citation needed] As per tradition, the Pan American Sports Organization flag was handed over to the mayor of the next host city, Rob Ford of Toronto.[75]



Concerns and controversies



Security


Guadalajara, due to the ongoing Mexican Drug War, has seen escalating violence. Some countries, including the United States and Canada, expressed concerns about the safety and security of the region.[76] Scott Backmun of the United States Olympic Committee (USOC) raised concerns about the city's ability to host the games in light of the drug war.[76] Due to the increased safety issues the USOC had its own security plan for the games. During a meeting of the USOC in March 2011, chief security officer Larry Buendorf gave a report to the rest of the committee in which he said, "We’re going to prepare for Guadalajara like we would any other Games. A lot of that is just preparing your athletes for the individual environments that they’re going into. Everybody is quite aware of the violence that has happened. We’re obviously concerned about it, and at the end of the day, I think we have a good security plan in place to try to protect our athletes".[77] After grenades were thrown near a nightclub entrance in two separate incidents in February 2011, organizers said they were making security a priority and arranged for police and members of the armed forces to patrol in Guadalajara throughout the games.[78]



Athletes' village




The Pan American Games village during the games.


The athletes' village was behind schedule for the entire time it was under construction, and in May 2011, about five months before the start of the games, the courts ordered work on the village to halt when residents of Zapopan said the construction would adversely affect their drinking water supply. Carlos Andrade Garin, the director of the organizing committee, said even a short delay in construction would mean the games would have to be canceled.[79]


According to Garin, "we have some crabs [people who don't want to go forward] who don't like our state to grow, who don't like us having a great event, whose own related interests are more important than those of the community. Unfortunately, you can't do anything against this kind of people, except get on with our own job."[80]


After many delays, organizers finally asserted that the athletes' village would be finished no later than September, only a month before the games were to begin.[81] The village was expected to be handed over to COPAG by August 22, 2011.[82]



Venue delays


Another concern with the Games was that venue construction had fallen behind. In 2009, two years before the start of the games, the athletes' village was still not under construction and the aquatics and athletics stadiums fell way behind schedule.[83] Some venues and the athletes village were finished only a few weeks before the start of the games, including the Telcel Athletics Stadium and the beach volleyball stadium in Puerto Vallarta. This meant that not all disciplines could have a test event before the games began.[3] Organizers guaranteed that all the sports venues being built for the games would be ready before September 2011.[81] Many of the venues were scaled down, including the Telmex athletics stadium, which had the number of seats halved.[78] During the election of the host city of the 2015 Pan American Games, PASO president Mario Vázquez Rana said that if Guadalajara did not address the delays, Toronto, the host of the next games, would step in and replace Guadalajara as host.[84] In August 2011, the athletics stadium was further delayed by constant rain which prevented the installation of the track. This development put the test event scheduled for September at risk of being cancelled.[73] Several days before the opening ceremony, the organizing committee announced that they were optimistic that the venues would be ready by the start of the games.[85]



Allegation of tainted meat


The German National Anti-Doping Agency warned athletes that some meat in Mexico had tested positive for the stimulant clenbuterol. However, Games officials said that food served at the athletes' village would be tested to ensure it contained no drugs or contaminants.[86]



See also


  • 2011 Parapan American Games


References





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