Rearuh

Yildirim Army Group
	; Mustafa Kemal Ataturk with his adjutants as the Commander, 1918.;
Active	July 1917 – November 7, 1918;
Country	; Ottoman Empire;
Type	Army group
Size	150,000
Patron	; Sultans of the Ottoman Empire;
Engagements	; Sinai and Palestine Campaign (World War I); Battle of Megiddo;
Commanders
Notable; commanders	; Erich von Falkenhayn (July 1917 – February 6, 1918); Otto Liman von Sanders (February 24 – October 30, 1918); Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (October 31 – November 7, 1918)

The Yildirim Army Group or Thunderbolt Army Group of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Yıldırım Ordular Grubu) or Army Group F (German: Heeresgruppe F) was one of the army groups of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during World War I. The Army Group was assigned to the German Asia Corps.

Starting in June 1917, the Yildirim Army Group's first commander in chief was the former Prussian Minister of War and Chief of Staff Erich von Falkenhayn. Von Falkenhayn was replaced by General of the Cavalry Otto Liman von Sanders on 25 February 1918. After the Armistice of Mudros on 30 October 1918, Mustafa Kemal took command until the Group's dissolution a few days later.

Tactics

The army group included troops who used the latest Western-Front infiltration tactics; were equipped with close-combat gear, such as Stahlhelms and stick-grenades; and were supported by artillery and machine guns.^[6]^[7]

World War I

Order of Battle, August 1917

In August 1917, the army group was structured as follows:^[8]

Yildirim Army Group (Müşir Erich von Falkenhayn)
- Seventh Army, Syria (Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Atatürk)
  - III Corps
    - 24th Division
    - 50th Division
  - XV Corps
    - 19th Division
    - 20th Division
  - German Asia Corps
- Sixth Army, Mesopotamia (Mirliva Halil Kut)
  - XIII Corps
    - 2nd Division
    - 6th Division
  - XVIII Corps
    - 14th Division
    - 51st Division
    - 52nd Division
  - 46th Division

with the

42nd Division

48th Division

59th Division^[9]
- XX Corps at Huj
  - 16th Division
  - 54th Division
  - 178th Infantry Regiment
  - 3rd Cavalry Division
- XXII Corps at Gaza
  - 3rd Division
  - 7th Division
  - 53rd Division^[10]^[11]

Order of Battle, January 1918

In January 1918, the army group was structured as follows:^[12]

Yildirim Army Group (Müşir Erich von Falkenhayn)
- Seventh Army (Mirliva Fevzi Çakmak)
  - III Corps
    - 1st Division, 19th Division, 24th Division
  - XV Corps
    - 26th Division, 53rd Division
  - 3rd Cavalry Division
  - German Asia Corps
- Eighth Army (Ferik Cevat Çobanlı)
  - XXII Corps
    - 3rd Division, 7th Division, 20th Division
  - 16th Division, 54th Division, 2nd Caucasian Cavalry Division

Order of Battle, June 1918

In June 1918, the army group was structured as follows:^[13]

Yildirim Army Group (Müşir Otto Liman von Sanders)
- Seventh Army (Mirliva Fevzi Çakmak)
  - III Corps
    - 1st Division, 24th Division, 3rd Cavalry Division
  - XV Corps
    - 26th Division, 53rd Division, 19th Division
  - German Asia Corps
- Eighth Army (Ferik Cevat Çobanlı)
  - XXII Corps
    - 3rd Division, 7th Division, 20th Division
  - 16th Division
  - 54th Division
  - 2nd Caucasian Cavalry Division

Order of Battle, September 1918

In September 1918, the army group was structured as follows:^[14]

Yildirim Army Group (Müşir Otto Liman von Sanders)
- Fourth Army (Mirliva Cemal Mersinli)
  - II Corps (Miralay Galatalı Şevket Bey)
    - 62nd Division, Provisional Division x 3
  - Jordan Group
    - 24th Division, 3rd Cavalry Division
  - VIII Corps (Miralay Yasin Hilmi Bey)
    - 48th Division, Umman Provisional Division
- Seventh Army (Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Atatürk)
  - III Corps (Miralay İsmet İnönü)
    - 1st Division, 11th Division
  - XV Corps (Miralay Ali Fuat Cebesoy)
    - 26th Division, 53rd Division
- Eighth Army (Ferik Cevat Çobanlı)
  - XXII Corps (Miralay Refet Bele)
    - 7th Division, 20th Division
  - Left Wing Corps (Oberst Gustav von Oppen)
    - 16th Division, 19th Division
    - German Asia Corps
  - 2nd Caucasian Cavalry Division

After Mudros

Order of Battle, November 1918

In November 1918, the army group was structured as follows:^[15]

Yildirim Army Group (Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Atatürk)
- Second Army (Mirliva Nihat Anılmış)
  - XII Corps
    - 23rd Division
  - XV Corps
    - 41st Division, 44th Division
- Seventh Army (Mirliva Ali Fuat Cebesoy, deputy)
  - III Corps
    - 11th Division, 24th Division
  - XX Corps
    - 1st Division, 43rd Division

Yildirim Troops Inspectorate, May 1919

In April 1919, Şevket Turgut Pasha, Cevat Çobanlı and Fevzi Çakmak hold a secret meeting in Constantinople. They prepared a report called "Trio Oath" (Üçler Misâkı) and decided to establish army inspectorate for the defense of homeland. In late April, Fevzi Çakmak submitted this report to the Minister of War Şakir Pasha. On April 30, 1919, the War Ministry and Sultan Mehmed VI ratified the decision about the establishing of army inspectorates that had been accepted by the Chief of General Staff^[16] And then the First Army Troops Inspectorate (stationed in Constantinople, Fevzi Çakmak), the Yildirim Troops Inspectorate (stationed in Konya, Cemal Mersinli, later Second Army Inspectorate) Inspectorate, the Ninth Army Troops Inspectorate (stationed in Erzurum, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, later Third Army Inspectorate) was formed. Additionally, the Rumeli Military Troops Inspectorate (Nureddin Pasha) would be established and the XIII Corps would be under the direction of the Ministry of War.^[17] In May 1919, the army inspectorate was structured as follows:^[18]^[19]

Yildirim Troops Inspectorate (Yıldırım Kıt'aatı Müfettişliği, Konya, Inspector: Ferik Cemal Mersinli)
- XII Corps (Niğde, Miralay Selâhaddin Bey)
  - 11th Division
  - 41st Division
  - 7th Cavalry Regiment
  - 20th Cavalry Regiment
- XX Corps (Ankara, Mirliva Ali Fuat Cebesoy)
  - 23rd Division
  - 24th Division
- XVII Corps (Smyrna, Mirliva Ali Nadir Pasha, transferred from the First Army Troops Inspectorate after the Occupation of Smyrna)
  - 56th Division
  - 57th Division

References

^ ^a^b Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 169.

^ ^a^b T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademlerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 9. (in Turkish)

^ Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 48. (in Turkish)

^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 193.

^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 194.

^ Hadaway, Stuart (2015). From Gaza to Jerusalem: The Campaign for Southern Palestine 1917. Stroud: The History Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-7509-6661-0. Retrieved 24 November 2016.

^ Faulkner, Neil (24 May 2016). Lawrence of Arabia's War: The Arabs, the British and the Remaking of the Middle East in WWI. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-300-19683-2. Retrieved 24 November 2016.

^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170.

^ Falls24

^ Erickson 2001 p. 163

^ Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 35

^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 181.

^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 188.

^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 197.

^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.

^ Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 105. (in Turkish)

^ Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 106. (in Turkish)

^ Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 333. (in Turkish)

^ Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, pp. 110–111. (in Turkish)

External links

[Erickson169-1] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 169.

[Genelkurmay9-2] T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademlerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 9. (in Turkish)

[Türkmen48-3] Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 48. (in Turkish)

[Erickson193-4] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 193.

[Erickson194-5] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 194.

[6] Hadaway, Stuart (2015). From Gaza to Jerusalem: The Campaign for Southern Palestine 1917. Stroud: The History Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-7509-6661-0. Retrieved 24 November 2016.

[7] Faulkner, Neil (24 May 2016). Lawrence of Arabia's War: The Arabs, the British and the Remaking of the Middle East in WWI. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 482. ISBN 978-0-300-19683-2. Retrieved 24 November 2016.

[Erickson170-8] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170.

[9] Falls24

[10] Erickson 2001 p. 163

[11] Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 35

[Erickson181-12] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 181.

[Erickson188-13] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 188.

[Erickson197-14] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 197.

[Erickson202-15] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.

[16] Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 105. (in Turkish)

[17] Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 106. (in Turkish)

[18] Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 333. (in Turkish)

[19] Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918–1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
ISBN 975-16-1372-8, pp. 110–111. (in Turkish)

v t e Ottoman Forces during World War I
Army groups	Caucasus Army Group Yildirim Army Group Eastern Army Group
Army	1st Army 2nd Army 3rd Army 4th Army 5th Army 6th Army 7th Army 8th Army 9th Army
Corps	I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXV Iraq Area Halil I Kaf. II Kaf. Hejaz
Fortified areas	Dardanelles Bosporus Chataldja Adrianople Smyrna Erzurum Kars
Infantry divisions	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 1 Kaf. 2 Kaf. 3 Kaf. 5 Kaf. 9 Kaf. 10 Kaf. 11 Kaf. 36 Kaf. 37 Kaf.
Other divisions	1 Cav. 2 Cav. 3 Cav. Van Gendarmerie
Others	1st Exp. 5th Exp. German Asia Africa Hejaz Exp. 1st Pro. 2nd Pro. Islam. 57. Reg. 177. Reg.

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