运城战役
Multi tool use
运城战役，为发生于1947年4月至12月山西运城，中华民国国军与中国人民解放军华北野战军之间的战役。经过三次大型的攻坚战，徐向前领导的中国人民解放军占领运城。
背景
1947年1月13日，徐被任命为晋冀鲁豫军区副司令员，与薄一波、滕代远等负责内线作战、攻占山西[1]:704[2]:10。而此时中国共产党展开战略反攻：刘伯承、邓小平率晋冀鲁豫野战军主力十二万人南渡黄河，进入大别山。而陈赓、谢富治率西路兵团亦南渡黄河，挺进河南西部。当时留守晋冀鲁豫军区的部队则肩负三重任务：支援在外线作战的部队；独立完成内线作战任务；以及，实施土地改革，发动广大农民群众支援战争[1]:705。而留给徐向前的只有当地五万余地方武装，这些新扩充组建起来的部队不仅缺乏大规模的正规战经验，更缺乏对城市攻坚作战的经验，武器装备也十分落后[1]:707。
运城为山西南大门、交通要塞、工业及军事重地，由阎锡山的保安5团、保安11团，胡宗南的整编第36师、第17师各1个团共一万余人镇守[1]:708[2]:15-16。
过程
在1947年4月，陈赓、谢富治兵团攻下晋南22座县城，但在第一次进攻运城时失利[1]:708。同年10月，徐向前整合当时晋冀鲁豫军区、太岳军区部队，由王新亭担任第8纵队司令从东、西、北三面包围运城进行攻坚战[1]:709[2]:14。虽然事先做过周密部署[3]，该战役仍因胡宗南部大量援兵而受阻[1]:709[2]:25-26。同年12月，王震率西北野战军第2纵队驰援晋南[2]:30-31，徐向前指挥部队进行第三次运城战役[1]:710，毛泽东特意指示要严防黄河南岸的胡宗南部北上[1]:711。战役从12月16日晚上开始，直至27日黄昏，国共双方发生惨烈的拉锯战，徐向前致电前线“坚持最后五分钟”以鼓舞士气[2]:50。最终八纵第23旅用三千公斤炸药从北城爆破攻城，进入城内[2]:39-40。太岳兵团亦在黄河北岸阻击胡宗南部北上成功[2]:52。经过艰苦卓绝战斗，中国人民解放军后攻占运城，切断阎锡山南去出口，并解除了陈谢兵团进入豫西的后患[1]:711[2]:63-73。
参考文献
^ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.9 徐向前. 历史的回顾. 解放军出版社. 1987年. ISBN 7506501260 （中文（简体））.
^ 2.02.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.8 张高陵. 徐向前兵团征战记. 国防大学出版社. 1997年. ISBN 7562606641 （中文（简体））.
^ 徐向前、滕代远、薄一波. 关于运城战役的三份电报. 1947年9月30日至10月14日 [2010-05-10] （中文（简体））. [永久失效連結]
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中国人民解放军晋冀鲁豫军区、太岳军区部队
中華民國國軍保安5团、保安11团
中国共产党
