Jyutping




























Jyutping

Jyutpingexample.svg
Jyutping Romanization

Traditional Chinese 粵拼
Simplified Chinese 粤拼
Jyutping Jyut6ping3

Cantonese Yale
 Yuhtping





























































This article is part of the series on the
Cantonese language
Guangzhouhua-vector.svg

Yue Chinese

Grammar


  • Measure words

  • Pronouns

Orthography


  • Cantonese Braille

  • Cantonese Pinyin

  • Yale romanization of Cantonese

  • Jyutping

Phonology


  • Nasal-stop alternation

  • Wikipedia IPA for Cantonese

  • v

  • t

  • e






Jyutping (Chinese: 粵拼; Jyutping: Jyut6ping3; literally: 'Yue (i.e. Cantonese) spelling'; Cantonese pronunciation: [jỳːt̚.pʰēŋ]) is a romanisation system for Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK), an academic group, in 1993. Its formal name is The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese Romanisation Scheme. The LSHK promotes the use of this romanisation system.


The name Jyutping (itself the Jyutping romanisation of its Chinese name, 粵拼) is a contraction consisting of the first Chinese characters of the terms Jyut6jyu5 (粵語, meaning "Cantonese speech") and ping3jam1 (拼音 "phonetic alphabet").
































































Chinese romanization

Mandarin



Wu

Yue

Southern Min



Eastern Min

Northern Min

Pu-Xian Min

Hainanese



Hakka



Gan

See also



  • v

  • t

  • e




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Initials


  • 3 Finals


  • 4 Tones


  • 5 Comparison with Yale romanisation


  • 6 Comparison with Cantonese pinyin


  • 7 Examples


  • 8 Jyutping input method


    • 8.1 List of Jyutping keyboard input utilities




  • 9 See also


  • 10 Footnotes


  • 11 Further reading


  • 12 External links





History


The Jyutping system[1] marks a departure from all previous Cantonese romanisation systems (approximately 12, including Robert Morrison's pioneering work of 1828, and the widely used Standard Romanization, Yale and Sidney Lau systems) by introducing z and c initials and the use of eo and oe in finals, as well as replacing the initial y, used in all previous systems, with j.[2]



Initials






































b
/p/
巴
 p
/pʰ/
怕
 m
/m/
媽
 f
/f/
花
d
/t/
打
 t
/tʰ/
他
 n
/n/
那
l
/l/
啦
g
/k/
家
 k
/kʰ/
卡
 ng
/ŋ/
牙
 h
/h/
蝦
gw
/kʷ/
瓜
 kw
/kʷʰ/
誇

w
/w/
蛙
z
/ts/
渣
 c
/tsʰ/
叉
s
/s/
沙
 j
/j/
也


Finals






































































































aa
/aː/
沙
 aai
/aːi̯/
徙
 aau
/aːu̯/
梢
 aam
/aːm/
三
 aan
/aːn/
山
 aang
/aːŋ/
坑
 aap
/aːp̚/
圾
 aat
/aːt̚/
剎
 aak
/aːk̚/
客
 
 ai
/ɐi̯/
西
 au
/ɐu̯/
收
 am
/ɐm/
心
 an
/ɐn/
新
 ang
/ɐŋ/
笙
 ap
/ɐp̚/
濕
 at
/ɐt̚/
失
 ak
/ɐk̚/
塞
e
/ɛː/
些
 ei
/ei̯/
四
 eu
/ɛːu̯/
掉[1]
 em
/ɛːm/
舐[2]
  
 eng
/ɛːŋ/
鄭
 ep
/ɛːp̚/
夾[3]
  
 ek
/ɛːk̚/
石
i
/iː/
詩
  
 iu
/iːu̯/
消
 im
/iːm/
閃
 in
/iːn/
先
 ing
/eŋ/
星
 ip
/iːp̚/
攝
 it
/iːt̚/
洩
 ik
/ek̚/
識
o
/ɔː/
疏
 oi
/ɔːy̯/
開
 ou
/ou̯/
蘇
  
 on
/ɔːn/
看
 ong
/ɔːŋ/
康
  
 ot
/ɔːt̚/
喝
 ok
/ɔːk̚/
索
u
/uː/
夫
 ui
/uːy̯/
灰
  
  
 un
/uːn/
寬
 ung
/oŋ/
鬆
  
 ut
/uːt̚/
闊
 uk
/ok̚/
叔
oe
/œː/
鋸
 eoi
/ɵy̯/
需
  
  
 eon
/ɵn/
詢
 oeng
/œːŋ/
商
  
 eot
/ɵt̚/
摔
 oek
/œːk̚/
削
yu
/yː/
書
  
  
  
 yun
/yːn/
孫
  
  
 yut
/yːt̚/
雪
  
 
  
  
 m
/m̩/
唔
  
 ng
/ŋ̩/
吳
  
  
  


  • Only the finals m and ng can be used as standalone nasal syllables.


  • ^ ^ ^ Referring to the colloquial pronunciation of these words.



Tones


There are nine tones in six distinct tone contours in Cantonese. However, as three of the nine are entering tones (Chinese: 入聲; Jyutping: jap6sing1), which only appear in syllables ending with p, t, and k, they do not have separate tone numbers in Jyutping (though they do in Cantonese Pinyin; these are shown in parentheses in the table below).












































































Tone name
 jam1ping4
(陰平)		 jam1soeng5
(陰上)		 jam1heoi3
(陰去)
 joeng4ping4
(陽平)		 joeng4soeng5
(陽上)		 joeng4heoi3
(陽去)
 gou1jam1jap6
(高陰入)		 dai1jam1jap6
(低陰入)		 joeng4jap6
(陽入)
Tone Number
 1 2 3
 4 5 6
 1 (7) 3 (8) 6 (9)
The tone name in English
 high level or high falling mid rising mid level
 low falling low rising low level
 entering high level entering mid level entering low level

Contour[3]
˥ 55 / ˥˧ 53
˧˥ 35
˧ 33
˨˩ 21 / ˩ 11
˩˧ 13
˨ 22
˥ 5
˧ 3
˨ 2
Character Example
分／詩
粉／史
訓／試
焚／時
奮／市
份／是
忽／識
發／錫
佛／食
Example
 fan1／si1 fan2／si2
 fan3／si3
 fan4／si4
 fan5／si5
 fan6／si6
 fat1／sik1
 faat3／sek3
 fat6／sik6


Comparison with Yale romanisation


Jyutping and the Yale Romanisation of Cantonese represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:



  • The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, w.

  • The vowel: aa (except when used alone), a, e, i, o, u, yu.

  • The nasal stop: m, ng.

  • The coda: i, u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.


But they differ in the following:



  • The vowels eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping, whereas the eu represents both vowels in Yale.

  • The initial j represents /j/ in Jyutping whereas y is used instead in Yale.

  • The initial z represents /ts/ in Jyutping whereas j is used instead in Yale.

  • The initial c represents /tsʰ/ in Jyutping whereas ch is used instead in Yale.

  • In Jyutping, if no consonant precedes the vowel yu, then the initial j is appended before the vowel. In Yale, the corresponding initial y is never appended before yu under any circumstances.

  • Jyutping defines three finals not in Yale: eu /ɛːu/, em /ɛːm/, and ep /ɛːp/. These three finals are used in colloquial Cantonese words, such as deu6 (掉), lem2 (舐), and gep6 (夾).

  • To represent tones, only tone numbers are used in Jyutping whereas Yale traditionally uses tone marks together with the letter h (though tone numbers can be used in Yale as well).



Comparison with Cantonese pinyin


Jyutping and Cantonese Pinyin represent Cantonese pronunciations with the same letters in:



  • The initials: b, p, m, f, d, t, n, l, g, k, ng, h, s, gw, kw, j, w.

  • The vowel: aa, a, e, i, o, u.

  • The nasal stop: m, ng.

  • The coda: i (except for its use in the coda /y/ in Jyutping; see below), u, m, n, ng, p, t, k.


But they have some differences:



  • The vowel oe represents both /ɵ/ and /œː/ in Cantonese Pinyin whereas eo and oe represent /ɵ/ and /œː/ respectively in Jyutping.

  • The vowel y represents /y/ in Cantonese Pinyin whereas both yu (used in the nucleus) and i (used in the coda of the final -eoi) are used in Jyutping.

  • The initial dz represents /ts/ in Cantonese Pinyin whereas z is used instead in Jyutping.

  • The initial ts represents /tsʰ/ in Cantonese Pinyin whereas c is used instead in Jyutping.

  • To represent tones, the numbers 1 to 9 are usually used in Cantonese Pinyin, although the use of 1, 3, 6 to replace 7, 8, 9 for the checked tones is acceptable. However, only the numbers 1 to 6 are used in Jyutping.



Examples
























Traditional
Simplified
 Romanization

廣州話
广州话
 Gwong2zau1waa2

粵語
粤语
 Jyut6jyu5

你好
你好
 nei5 hou2

Sample transcription of one of the 300 Tang Poems:























春曉
孟浩然		 Ceon1 hiu2
Maang6 Hou6jin4
春眠不覺曉， Ceon1 min4 bat1 gok3 hiu2,
處處聞啼鳥。 cyu3 cyu3 man4 tai4 niu5.
夜來風雨聲， Je6 loi4 fung1 jyu5 sing1,
花落知多少？ faa1 lok6 zi1 do1 siu2?


Jyutping input method


The Jyutping method (Chinese: 粵拼輸入法) refers to a family of input methods based on the Jyutping romanization system.


The Jyutping method allows a user to input Chinese characters by entering the jyutping of a Chinese character (with or without tone, depending on the system) and then presenting the user with a list of possible characters with that pronunciation.



List of Jyutping keyboard input utilities




  • Online Jyutping Input Method (網上粵拼輸入法)

  • MDBG Type Chinese


  • Red Dragonfly (紅蜻蜓粵語拼音詞語輸入法)


  • LSHK Jyutping for Macintosh Mac OS X and OS 9 (The page also includes Yale input version 0.2)


  • Hong Kong Cantonese 2010 (via Microsoft Office IME 2010)


  • Canton Easy Input (粵語拼音輸入法)


  • Cantonese Phonetic IME (廣東話拼音輸入法) (also called 'Cantonese Phonetic IME (CPIME) Jyutping' in Windows 10[4])


  • [4] (小狼毫輸入法引擎)



See also



  • Cantonese phonology


Footnotes





  1. ^ "The Jyutping Scheme". The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 26 April 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2016..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Kataoka, Shin; Lee, Cream (2008). "A System without a System: Cantonese Romanization Used in Hong Kong Place and Personal Names". Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics: 94–98.


  3. ^ Matthews, S.; Yip, V. Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar; London: Routledge, 1994


  4. ^ FAQ: How to select Cantonese Phonetic IME (CPIME) in Windows 10




Further reading



  • Zee, Eric (1999). Handbook of the International Phonetic Association. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–60. ISBN 0521652367.


External links



  • Jyutping Pronunciation Guide


  • 粵語拼盤: Learning the phonetic system of Cantonese

  • Chinese Character Database (Phonologically Disambiguated According to the Cantonese Dialect)


  • The CantoDict Project is a dedicated Cantonese-Mandarin-English online dictionary which uses Jyutping by default

  • MDBG free online Chinese-English dictionary (supports both Jyutping and Yale romanization)




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