布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)
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布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類 (2005年)(Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005))是一個由巴黎自然史博物館的菲利普·布歇特(Philippe Bouchet)和讓-皮埃爾·洛克羅伊(Jean-Pierre Rocroi)於2005年編輯及出版的腹足類軟體動物生物分類系統,以取代過時的腹足纲分类表 (1997年)。所謂腹足類,就是指各種水生或陸生的蝸牛、淡水螺、海螺與蛞蝓。本分類系統刊登於《Malacologia》期刊,包含所有已知的蝸牛與蛞蝓的科,以及腹足類的化石。它亦包括古生代地位未定軟體動物,因為這些物種未能分辨到底是腹足綱還是單板綱[1]。本分類系統實際上是由布歇特及一個五人專家組共同編寫;洛克羅伊並沒有參與編寫,而是與布歇特編寫分類的文獻檢索和編輯。
整個分類分為兩部份:第一部份是按照ICZN第四版的命名規則而為各個科-族層級分類的統一命名;而第二部份則是各個分類按其位置而組合的分類樹。整個分類編輯時間歷時二十年。
目录
1 概說
2 主要分支
2.1 笠形腹足類
2.2 古腹足類
2.3 仁螺總目
2.4 蜑形類
2.5 新生腹足類
2.5.1 新進腹足類的地位未定物種
2.6 異鰓類
3 系統分類
3.1 古生代地位未定軟體動物
3.1.1 未能分辨到底是腹足綱還是單板綱物種
3.1.2 With isostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)
3.1.3 With anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?)
3.2 已確認為腹足綱基群的分類元
3.3 笠形腹足類
3.4 古腹足類支序
3.5 Clade Cocculiniformia
3.6 蜑形類支序
3.6.1 地位未定古生代蜑形類物種
3.6.2 clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
3.6.3 clade Cycloneritimorpha
3.7 新生腹足類支序
3.8 主扭舌類非正式群組
3.9 吸螺類支序
3.10 高腹足類支序
3.10.1 玉黍螺類支序
3.10.2 翼舌類非正式群組
3.10.3 新腹足類支序
3.11 異鰓類支序
3.12 下異鰓類非正式群組
3.13 後鰓類
3.14 頭楯目
3.15 有殼翼足類
3.16 裸體翼足類
3.17 Clade Aplysiomorpha (= Anaspidea)
3.18 Group Acochlidiacea
3.19 囊舌類支序
3.19.1 長足亞支序
3.19.2 海天牛亞支序
3.20 Group Cylindrobullida
3.21 傘螺類支序
3.22 裸側類
3.22.1 側鰓類亞支序
3.22.2 裸鰓類亞支序
3.22.2.1 有角鰓類支序
3.22.2.2 Subclade Gnathodoridacea
3.22.2.3 海蛞蝓亞支序
3.22.2.4 無角鰓類支序
3.22.2.5 Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ( = Doridoxida)
3.22.2.6 Clade Cladobranchia ( = Cladohepatica)
3.22.2.7 Subclade Euarminida
3.22.2.8 枝鰓類
3.22.2.9 蓑海牛類
3.23 有肺類支序
3.23.1 非正式群組基眼類
3.23.1.1 喜濕螺類支序
3.23.2 真有肺類支序
3.23.2.1 收眼類支序
3.23.2.2 柄眼類支序
3.23.2.3 板顎類亞支序
3.23.2.4 直尿道類支序
3.23.2.5 彎尿道類非正式群組
3.23.2.6 limacoid clade
3.23.2.7 Informal group Sigmurethra continued
4 參考文獻
5 參看
6 外部連結
概說
布歇特和洛克羅伊的系統是首個以支序分類學為主的完整腹足類分類系統,透過從分子系統發生學的研究成果描劃出來。它不再採用傳統林奈分類法在綱與總科之間加插的總目、目、亞目等有等級分類,而是採用較自然及統計性的叢集分析而得出的支序(演化分支)。在布歇特和洛克羅伊的系統,腹足類生物被劃分為六個主要的支序:
笠形腹足類(Patellogastropoda)
古腹足類(Vetigastropoda)
仁螺總目(Cocculiniformia)
蜑形目(Neritimorpha)
新生腹足類(Caenogastropoda)
異鰓類(Heterobranchia)
當中,頭三個支序並沒有再包含其他支序,而是直接跳到總科階段。在新生腹足類之下還有另外一個支序。相對來說,異鰓類是綱內最複雜的:單單是裸鰓類就在總科以上有六個支序;而對於其他蝸牛,在總科之上有四個支序。
主要分支
笠形腹足類
笠形腹足類生物在本分類被認為是一個支序,而不是分類單元。這個支序包含了多個科與總科,詳列如下(†表示已滅絕):
笠螺總科 Patelloidea
笠螺科 Patellidae
花笠螺总科 Nacelloidea Thiele, 1891
花笠螺科 Nacellidae Thiele, 1891
蓮花青螺總科 Lottioidea
蓮花青螺科 Lottiidae
青螺科 Acmaeidae Forbes, 1850
青螺亞科 Acmaeinae Forbes, 1850
梳齒笠螺亞科[2]Pectinodontinae Pilsbry, 1891- subfamily Rhodopetalinae Lindberg, 1981
无鳃笠螺科 Lepetidae[3]
- Superfamily Neolepetopsoidea
- Family Neolepetopsidae
- † Family Daminilidae
- † Family Lepetopsidae
- Family Neolepetopsidae
與先前旁得和林德伯格的腹足類分類 (1997年)的分類相比較,除了笠形腹足類生物在當時被訂為一個目級分類而不是支序,本類物種其實沒有多大變動。布歇特和洛克羅伊的分類索性跳過旁得和林德伯格分類的亞目,再加上Neolepetopsoidea這個只包含兩個已滅絕科的總科。
古腹足類
古腹足類(Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989)基本上包括了各種笠螺和帽貝,覆蓋了原來原始腹足目的大多數物種,計有:
- 總科地位未定
- the families: Ataphridae Cossmann, 1915, Crosseolidae Hickman, 2013, Pendromidae Warén, 1991 (synonym: Trachysmatidae Thiele, 1925), † Schizogoniidae
- the genera: Sahlingia Warén & Bouchet, 2001
- the families: Ataphridae Cossmann, 1915, Crosseolidae Hickman, 2013, Pendromidae Warén, 1991 (synonym: Trachysmatidae Thiele, 1925), † Schizogoniidae
- Superfamily †Amberleyoidea
- Superfamily †Eotomarioidea
裂螺总科 Fissurelloidea Fleming, 1822:亦作裂裙螺總科,是海螺的一個特化體,其下只有裂螺科一個科。
鲍螺总科 Haliotoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- Superfamily Lepetelloidea
龙角螺总科 Lepetodriloidea McLean, 1988 (热液孔笠螺)
莫氏螺总科 †Murchisonioidea Koken, 1889:舊屬莫氏螺目
- Superfamily Neomphaloidea:belongs in its own independent clade, the Neomphalina, outside the Vetigastropoda [4]
翁戎螺总科 Pleurotomarioidea Swainson, 1840:翁戎螺,Neomphalina的姊妹支序[4]
- Superfamily †Porcellioidea
- Superfamily Scissurelloidea
陀螺总科 Seguenzioidea Verrill, 1884
钟螺总科 Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815
蠑螺總科 Turbinoidea
仁螺總目
舊分類仁螺总目(Cocculiniformia Haszprunar, 1987)原被分為兩大總科:
科库螺总科 Cocculinoidea Dall, 1882:保留;
Lepetelloidea总科 Dall, 1882:包括深海笠螺,被移往古腹足類。
因此,新的分類實際上只餘下科庫螺總科之下的兩個科。
蜑形類
蜑形類支序包括有原來蜑螺總科(Neritacea)及其下各科,如:蜑螺科(Neritidae)。大致可以分為下列三項:
- † 地位未定古生代蜑形類物種
- † clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
- clade Cycloneritimorpha
新生腹足類
新生腹足類物種大致分為以下三大分支:
主扭舌類支序(Architaenioglossa):原主扭舌目。
吸螺類支序(Sorbeoconcha):原吸螺目。
高腹足類支序(Hypsogastropoda):原在吸螺目之下,在本分類被提升至與吸螺目同級,可再分為:
玉黍螺類支序(Littorinimorpha)
新腹足類支序(Neogastropoda):原新腹足目,原與吸螺目同級,在本分類被歸到高腹足類之下。
包括下列各科和總科:
新進腹足類的地位未定物種
- † Family Plicatusidae
- † Family Spanionematidae
- † Family Spirostylidae
- † Family Plicatusidae
- Superfamily Acteoninoidea
- † Family Acteoninidae
- † Family Anozygidae
- † Family Soleniscidae
- † Family Acteoninidae
- Superfamily Dendropupoidea
- † Family Dendropupidae
- † Family Anthracopupidae
- † Family Dendropupidae
- Superfamily Paleostyloidea
- † Family Palaeostylidae
- † Family Goniasmatidae
- † Family Pithodeidae
- † Family Palaeostylidae
- Superfamily Peruneloidea
- † Family Perunelidae
- † Family Chuchlinidae
- † Family Imoglobidae
- † Family Sphaerodomidae
- † Family Perunelidae
- Superfamily Pseudomelanioidea
- † Family Pseudomelaniidae
- † Family Trajanellidae
- † Family Pseudomelaniidae
- Superfamily Subulitoidea
- † Family Subulitidae
- † Family Ischnoptygmatidae
- † Family Subulitidae
grade Zygopleuroid group - see Changes since 2005
- † Family Zygopleuridae
- Family Abyssochrysidae
- † Family Polygyrinidae
- † Family Protorculidae
- Family Provannidae
- † Family Pseudozygopleuridae
- † Family Zygopleuridae
新進腹足類的地位未定物種
新進腹足類之下現時地位未定物種都是化石種,包括下列三個科:
- † Family Plicatusidae
- † Family Spanionematidae
- † Family Spirostylidae
異鰓類
異鰓類是綱內最複雜的:單單是裸鰓類就在總科以上有六個支序;而對於其他蝸牛,在總科之上有四個支序。簡單來說,異鰓類物種包括了原來的後鰓目及有肺目的物種,原來的基眼亚目在2005年的分類裡成為了有肺目之下的一個非正式群組裡,當中包括喜濕螺類;而原來的有肺目跟囊舌類等其他物種又組成泛有肺類。其餘沒有被歸類的物種,皆籠統的被分類到下異鰓類這一個非正式群組裡。
異鰓類
- 下異鰓類
- 真後鰓類
泛有肺類
囊舌類 Sacoglossa
肠纽目(Entomotaeniata)- 喜溼螺類
真有肺類 Eupulmonata
收眼類 Systellommatophora
柄眼類 Stylommatophora
耳螺總科 Ellobioidea
裸側類
- 裸鰓類
系統分類
在下列分類中,只有被歸為總科級和科級的分類才會被縮排。不分的支序不會被縮排,但這些名字的字體會改變。有關支序間的從屬關係可參看對上一節的列表。
古生代地位未定軟體動物
古生代地位未定軟體動物(Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position)都只有化石種,大致可以分為下列三個種類:
未能分辨到底是腹足綱還是單板綱物種
以下分類元及物種未能分辨到底是腹足綱還是單板綱(Monoplacophora)
- 總科地位未定
- † Khairkhaniidae
- † Ladamarekiidae
- † Metoptomatidae
- † Patelliconidae
- † Protoconchoididae
- † Khairkhaniidae
Archinacelloidea
- † Archinacellidae
- † Archaeopragidae
- † Archinacellidae
Pelagielloidea
- † Pelagiellidae
- † Aldanellidae
- † Pelagiellidae
Scenelloidea
- † Scenellidae
- † Coreospiridae
- † Igarkiellidae
- † Scenellidae
Yochelcionelloidea
- † Yochelcionellidae
- † Stenothecidae
- † Trenellidae
- † Yochelcionellidae
With isostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)
- † Bucanellidae
- † Bucaniidae
- † Euphemitidae
- † Pterothecidae
- † Sinuitidae
- † Tremanotidae
- † Tropidodiscidae
- † Bucanellidae
With anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?)
Euomphaloidea
- † Euomphalidae
- † Helicotomidae
- † Lesueurillidae
- † Omphalocirridae
- † Omphalotrochidae
- † Euomphalidae
Macluritoidea
- † Macluritidae
- † Macluritidae
已確認為腹足綱基群的分類元
(只包括化石種分類元)
- 總科分類未定
- Family Anomphalidae † :2017年分類不再存在。
- Family Codonocheilidae S. A. Miller, 1889 †
- Family Crassimarginatidae Frýda, Blodgett & Lenz, 2002 †
- Family Holopeidae † :2017年分類不再存在。
- Family Isospiridae Wangberg-Eriksson, 1964 †
- Family Opisthonematidae Yu, 1976 †:後來在2017年的分類為Yuopisthonematidae Nützel, 2017 † 所取代,因為其模式屬成為了異名。
- Family Paraturbinidae Cossmann, 1916 †
- Family Planitrochidae † :2017年分類不再存在。
- Family Pragoserpulinidae Frýda, 1998 †
- Family Pseudophoridae † :2017年分類不再存在。
- Family Raphistomatidae Koken, 1896 †
- Family Rhytidopilidae Starobogatov, 1976 †
- Family Scoliostomatidae Frýda, Blodgett & Lenz, 2002 †
- Family Sinuopeidae Wenz, 1938 †
- Superfamily Clisospiroidea S. A. Miller, 1889 †
- † Clisospiridae
- † Onychochilidae
- † Clisospiridae
曲线螺总科 Loxonematoidea Koken, 1889 †
- † 曲线螺科 Loxonematidae Koken, 1889
- † Palaeozygopleuridae科
- † 曲线螺科 Loxonematidae Koken, 1889
- Superfamily Ophiletoidea Koken, 1907 †
- † Ophiletidae
- † Ophiletidae
- Superfamily Straparollinoidea P. J. Wagner, 2002 †:後來在2017年的分類被認為是Euomphaloidea White, 1877 †的異名。
- † Straparollinidae
- † Straparollinidae
- Superfamily Trochonematoidea Zittel, 1895 †
- † Trochonematidae
- † Lophospiridae
- † Trochonematidae
笠形腹足類
笠形腹足類支序(Patellogastropoda)在本分類中包括下列四個總科:
笠螺總科 Patelloidea
笠螺科 Patellidae
花笠螺总科 Nacelloidea Thiele, 1891
花笠螺科 Nacellidae Thiele, 1891
蓮花青螺總科 Lottioidea
蓮花青螺科 Lottiidae
青螺科 Acmaeidae Forbes, 1850
青螺亞科 Acmaeinae Forbes, 1850
梳齒笠螺亞科[2]Pectinodontinae Pilsbry, 1891- subfamily Rhodopetalinae Lindberg, 1981
无鳃笠螺科 Lepetidae[3]
- Superfamily Neolepetopsoidea
- Family Neolepetopsidae
- † Family Daminilidae
- † Family Lepetopsidae
- Family Neolepetopsidae
這四個總科之下的分類元在往後的文獻曾作多番修訂,至今仍未有定案。詳見各分支的條目內容。
古腹足類支序
古腹足類支序(Vetigastropoda Salvini-Plawen, 1989)的成員計有:
- Not assigned to a superfamily:
- Family Ataphridae
- Family Pendromidae
- † Family Schizogoniidae
- Family Ataphridae
- Superfamily †Amberleyoidea
- † Family Amberleyidae
- † Family Nododelphinulidae
- † Family Amberleyidae
- Superfamily †Eotomarioidea
- † Family Eotomariidae
- † Family Gosseletinidae
- † Family Luciellidae
- † Family Phanerotrematidae
- † Family Eotomariidae
- Superfamily Fissurelloidea
- Family Fissurellidae
- Family Fissurellidae
鮑總科 Haliotoidea
鮑科 Haliotidae
- † Family Temnotropidae
- Superfamily Lepetelloidea
- Family Lepetellidae
- Family Addisoniidae
- Family Bathyphytophilidae
- Family Caymanabyssiidae
- Family Cocculinellidae
- Family Osteopeltidae
- Family Pseudococculinidae
- Family Pyropeltidae
- Family Lepetellidae
- Superfamily Lepetodriloidea
- Family Lepetodrilidae
- Family Clypeosectidae
- Family Sutilizonidae
- Family Lepetodrilidae
- Superfamily †Murchisonioidea
- † Family Murchisoniidae
- † Family Cheeneetnukiidae
- † Family Hormotomidae
- † Family Murchisoniidae
- Superfamily Neomphaloidea: subsequent research has placed this superfamily in its own clade, the Neomphalina, basal to the Vetigastropoda [5]
- Family Neomphalidae
- Family Melanodrymiidae
- Family Peltospiridae
- Family Neomphalidae
- Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea
- Family Pleurotomariidae
- † Family Catantostomatidae
- † Family Kittlidiscidae
- † Family Phymatopleuridae
- † Family Polytremariidae
- † Family Portlockiellidae
- † Family Rhaphischismatidae
- † Family Trochotomidae
- † Family Zygitidae
- Family Pleurotomariidae
- Superfamily †Porcellioidea
- † Family Porcelliidae
- † Family Cirridae
- † Family Discohelicidae
- † Family Pavlodiscidae
- † Family Porcelliidae
- Superfamily Scissurelloidea
- Family Scissurellidae
- Family Anatomidae
- Family Scissurellidae
- Superfamily Seguenzioidea
- Family Seguenziidae
- Family Chilodontidae
- † Family Eucyclidae
- † Family Laubellidae
- Family Seguenziidae
- Superfamily Trochoidea
- Family Trochidae
- Family Calliostomatidae
- † Family Elasmonematidae
- † Family Eucochlidae
- † Family Microdomatidae
- † Family Proconulidae
- Family Solariellidae
- † Family Tychobraheidae
- † Family Velainellidae
- Family Trochidae
- Superfamily Turbinoidea
- Family Turbinidae
- Family Liotiidae
- Family Phasianellidae
- Family Turbinidae
Clade Cocculiniformia
- Superfamily Cocculinoidea
- Family Cocculinidae
- Family Bathysciadiidae
- Family Cocculinidae
蜑形類支序
蜑形類支序的三大分支如下:
地位未定古生代蜑形類物種
- 總科地位未定
- † Family Craspedostomatidae
- † Family Pragoscutulidae
- † Family Craspedostomatidae
- Superfamily Nerrhenoidea
- † Family Nerrhenidae
- † Family Nerrhenidae
- Superfamily Oriostomatoidea
- † Family Oriostomatidae
- † Family Tubinidae
- † Family Oriostomatidae
古輪螺總科 Palaeotrochoidea
- † 古輪螺科 Palaeotrochidae
- † 古輪螺科 Palaeotrochidae
- Superfamily Platyceratoidea
- † Family Platyceratidae
- † Family Platyceratidae
clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
- 總科地位未定
- † Family Orthonychiidae
- † Family Vltaviellidae
- † Family Orthonychiidae
clade Cycloneritimorpha
樹螺總科(Helicinoidea)
樹螺科(Helicinidae)- † Family Dawsonellidae
- † Family Deaniridae
- Family Neritiliidae
- Family Proserpinellidae
- Family Proserpinidae
- Superfamily Hydrocenoidea
- Family Hydrocenidae
- Family Hydrocenidae
蜑螺總科(Neritoidea)
蜑螺科(Neritidae)- Family Phenacolepadidae
- † Family Pileolidae
珍珠蜑螺總科(Neritopsoidea)
珍珠蜑螺科(Neritopsidae)- Family Neritopsidae
- † Family Cortinellidae
- † Family Delphinulopsidae
- † Family Plagiothyridae
- † Family Pseudorthonychiidae
- Family Titiscaniidae
- Superfamily Symmetrocapuloidea
- † Family Symmetrocapulidae
- † Family Symmetrocapulidae
新生腹足類支序
新生腹足類支序(Caenogastropoda)除了主扭舌類、吸螺類及高腹足類三大分支以外,還包括其系統分類地位未定的分類元,分別如下:
- 新生腹足類支序之下系統分類地位未定的科:
- † Family Plicatusidae
- † Family Spanionematidae
- † Family Spirostylidae
- † Family Plicatusidae
- Superfamily Acteoninoidea
- † Family Acteoninidae
- † Family Anozygidae
- † Family Soleniscidae
- † Family Acteoninidae
- Superfamily Dendropupoidea
- † Family Dendropupidae
- † Family Anthracopupidae
- † Family Dendropupidae
- Superfamily Paleostyloidea
- † Family Palaeostylidae
- † Family Goniasmatidae
- † Family Pithodeidae
- † Family Palaeostylidae
- Superfamily Peruneloidea
- † Family Perunelidae
- † Family Chuchlinidae
- † Family Imoglobidae
- † Family Sphaerodomidae
- † Family Perunelidae
- Superfamily Pseudomelanioidea
- † Family Pseudomelaniidae
- † Family Trajanellidae
- † Family Pseudomelaniidae
- Superfamily Subulitoidea
- † Family Subulitidae
- † Family Ischnoptygmatidae
- † Family Subulitidae
grade Zygopleuroid group - see Changes since 2005
- † Family Zygopleuridae
- Family Abyssochrysidae
- † Family Polygyrinidae
- † Family Protorculidae
- Family Provannidae
- † Family Pseudozygopleuridae
- † Family Zygopleuridae
主扭舌類非正式群組
主扭舌類非正式群組(Informal group Architaenioglossa)包括下列各個總科與科:
瓶螺总科 Ampullarioidea J.E. Gray, 1824
瓶螺科 Ampullariidae J.E. Gray, 1824- † Family Naricopsinidae
山蜗牛总科 Cyclophoroidea J.E. Gray, 1847 (陆生)
山蜗牛科 Cyclophoridae J.E. Gray, 1847 (陆生)- Family Aciculidae
- Family Craspedopomatidae
- Family Diplommatinidae
- † Family Ferussinidae
- Family Maizaniidae
- Family Megalomastomatidae
- Family Neocyclotidae
- Family Pupinidae
田螺總科 Viviparoidea
田螺科 Viviparidae
- † Family Pliopholygidae
此外,根據其他文獻,深水螺總科被認為跟本群組的
吸螺類支序
吸螺類(Sorbeoconcha)原為吸螺目,亦作吸腔目,由三個亞目組成:
蟹守螺形亚目 Cerithiimorpha
盘足亚目 Discopoda
莫氏螺亚目 Murchisoniina
以下為本支序之下各總科與科:
- 總科地位未定
- † Family Acanthonematidae
- † Family Canterburyellidae
- † Family Prisciphoridae
- † Family Acanthonematidae
蟹守螺總科 Cerithioidea
蟹守螺科 Cerithiidae
- Family Batillariidae
- † Family Brachytrematidae
- † Family Cassiopidae
- Family Dialidae
- Family Diastomatidae
- † Family Eustomatidae
- † Family Ladinulidae
- † Family Lanascalidae
- Family Litiopidae
- † Family Maoraxidae
- Family Melanopsidae
- † Family Metacerithiidae
- Family Modulidae
- Family Pachychilidae
- Family Paludomidae
- Family Planaxidae
- Family Pleuroceridae
- † Family Popenellidae
- Family Potamididae
- † Family Procerithiidae - If the genus Argyropeza is placed in the Procerithiidae, then this family is not all fossil.
- † Family Prostyliferidae
- † Family Propupaspiridae
- Family Scaliolidae
- Family Siliquariidae
- † Family Terebrellidae - not a valid name
- Family Thiaridae
錐螺科 Turritellidae
鐘形蟹守螺總科 Campaniloidea
鐘形蟹守螺科 Campanilidae
- Family Ampullinidae
- Family Plesiotrochidae
- † Family Trypanaxidae
高腹足類支序
高腹足類(Hypsogastropoda)包括有
玉黍螺類支序(Littorinimorpha)、新腹足類支序 (Neogastropoda)及翼舌類非正式群組(Ptenoglossa),還有以下不屬於任何總科的四個化石科:
- † Family Coelostylinidae
- † Family Maturifusidae
- † Family Pommerozygiidae
- † Family Settsassiidae
玉黍螺類支序
玉黍螺類支序(Littorinimorpha)包括下列各個總科與科:
舟螺总科 Calyptraeoidea Lamarck, 1809
舟螺科 Calyptraeidae Lamarck, 1809
- Superfamily Capuloidea
- Family Capulidae
- Family Capulidae
星黍螺總科 Cingulopsoidea
星黍螺科 Cingulopsidae
- Family Eatoniellidae
- Family Rastodentidae
寶螺總科 Cypraeoidea
寶螺科 Cypraeidae
海兔螺科 Ovulidae
枇杷螺總科 Ficoidea
枇杷螺科 Ficidae
玉黍螺總科 Littorinoidea
玉黍螺科 Littorinidae
- † Family Bohaispiridae
- Family Pickworthiidae
- Family Pomatiidae
- † Family Purpurinidae
- Family Skeneopsidae
- † Family Tripartellidae
- Family Zerotulidae
玉螺總科 Naticoidea
玉螺科 Naticidae
- Superfamily Pterotracheoidea
- Family Pterotracheidae
海蝶螺科 Atlantidae
- † Family Bellerophinidae
- Family Carinariidae
- Family Pterotracheidae
麂眼螺總科 Rissooidea
麂眼螺科 Rissoidae
- Family Amnicolidae
- Family Anabathridae
- Family Assimineidae
- Family Barleeiidae
- Family Bithyniidae
- Family Caecidae
- Family Calopiidae
- Family Cochliopidae
- Family Elachisinidae
- Family Emblandidae
- Family Epigridae
- Family Falsicingulidae
- Family Helicostoidae
觿螺科 Hydrobiidae
- Family Hydrococcidae
- Family Iravadiidae
- Family Lithoglyphidae
- † Family Mesocochliopidae
- Family Moitessieriidae
- † Family Palaeorissoinidae
盖螺科 Pomatiopsidae
- Family Stenothyridae
齒輪螺科 Tornidae
截螺科 Truncatellidae
鳳凰螺總科 Stromboidea
鳳凰螺科 Strombidae
- Family Aporrhaidae
- † Family Colombellinidae
- † Family Pugnellidae
- Family Seraphsidae
- Family Struthiolariidae
- † Family Thersiteidae
- † Family Tylostomatidae
鶉螺總科Tonnoidea
鶉螺科 Tonnidae
- Family Bursidae
- Family Laubierinidae
- Family Personidae
皮山螺科 Pisanianuridae
法螺科 Ranellidae
唐冠螺科 Cassidae
白彫螺總科 Vanikoroidea
白彫螺科 Vanikoridae
- Family Haloceratidae
顶盖螺科 Hipponicidae
- † Family Omalaxidae
薄板螺總科 Velutinoidea
薄板螺科 Velutinidae
猎女神螺科 Triviidae
蛇螺總科 Vermetoidea
蛇螺科 Vermetidae
缀壳螺總科 Xenophoroidea
缀壳螺科 Xenophoridae
- † Family Lamelliphoridae
翼舌類非正式群組
翼舌類(Ptenoglossa)這個非正式的群組是一個並系群,包括下列三個總科:
海蛳螺总科 Epitonioidea
海蛳螺科 Epitoniidae
紫螺科 Janthinidae
Nystiellidae科
瓷螺總科 Eulimoidea
瓷螺科 Eulimidae
- Family Aclididae
左錐螺總科 Triphoroidea
左錐螺科 Triphoridae
蟹寓螺科 Cerithiopsidae
- Family Newtoniellidae
新腹足類支序
新腹足類支序(Neogastropoda)包括以下各個總科:
- Unassigned to a superfamily
- † Family Johnwyattiidae
- † Family Perissityidae
- † Family Sarganidae
- † Family Speightiidae
- † Family Taiomidae
- † Family Weeksiidae
- † Family Johnwyattiidae
峨螺總科 Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815
峨螺科 Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815
布紋螺科 Colubrariidae Dall, 1904
核螺科 Columbellidae Swainson, 1840:又名麥螺科[6]
旋螺科 Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853:又名细带螺科[7]
香螺科 Melongenidae Gill, 1871 (1854):==Galeodidae,又名盔螺科[8]
织纹螺科 Nassariidae Iredale, 1916 (1835)
- Superfamily Muricoidea
- Family Muricidae
- Family Babyloniidae
- Family Costellariidae
- Family Cystiscidae
- Family Harpidae
- Family Marginellidae
- Family Mitridae
- † Family Pholidotomidae
- Family Pleioptygmatidae
- Family Strepsiduridae
- Family Turbinellidae
- Family Volutidae
- Family Volutomitridae
- Family Muricidae
- Superfamily Olivoidea
- Family Olividae
- Family Olivellidae
- Family Olividae
- Superfamily Pseudolivoidea
- Family Pseudolividae
- Family Ptychatractidae
- Family Pseudolividae
- Superfamily Conoidea
- Family Conidae
- Family Clavatulidae
- Family Drilliidae
- Family Pseudomelatomidae
- Family Strictispiridae
- Family Terebridae
- Family Turridae
- Family Conidae
- Superfamily Cancellarioidea
- Family Cancellariidae
- Family Cancellariidae
異鰓類支序
異鰓類支序(Heterobranchia)大致可以分成以下三個非正式群組:
- 異鰓類(Heterobranchia)
- 後鰓類(Opisthobranchia)及
- 有肺類(Pulmonata)
下異鰓類非正式群組
下異鰓類非正式群組("Lower Heterobranchia";= Allogastropoda)
- Unassigned to a superfamily
- Family Cimidae
- † Family Dolomitellidae
- † Family Heterosubulitidae
- † Family Kuskokwimiidae
- † Family Misurinellidae
- Family Orbitestellidae
- Family Tjaernoeiidae
- Family Xylodisculidae
- Family Cimidae
- Superfamily Acteonoidea
- Family Acteonidae
- † Family Acteonellidae
- Family Aplustridae
- Family Bullinidae
- † Family Zardinellidae
- Family Acteonidae
- Superfamily Architectonicoidea
- Family Architectonicidae
- † Family Amphitomariidae
- † Family Cassianaxidae
- Family Architectonicidae
- Superfamily Glacidorboidea
- Family Glacidorbidae
- Family Glacidorbidae
- Superfamily Mathildoidea
- Family Mathildidae
- † Family Ampezzanildidae
- † Family Anoptychiidae
- † Family Gordenellidae
- † Family Tofanellidae
- † Family Trachoecidae
- Family Mathildidae
- Superfamily Nerineoidea
- † Family Nerineidae
- † Family Ceritellidae
- † Family Nerinellidae
- † Family Nerineidae
- Superfamily Omalogyroidea
- Family Omalogyridae
- † Family Studraxidae
- Family Omalogyridae
- Superfamily Pyramidelloidea
- Family Pyramidellidae
- Family Amathinidae
- † Family Heteroneritidae
- Family Murchisonellidae
- Family Pyramidellidae
露齒螺總科 Ringiculoidea
露齒螺科 Ringiculidae
- Superfamily Rissoelloidea
- Family Rissoellidae
- Family Rissoellidae
- Superfamily Streptacidoidea
- † Family Streptacididae
- † Family Cassianebalidae
- † Family Streptacididae
- Superfamily Valvatoidea
- Family Valvatidae
- Family Cornirostridae
- Family Hyalogyrinidae
- † Family Provalvatidae
- Family Valvatidae
後鰓類
後鰓類非正式群組(Opisthobranchia)源自原來的後鰓目,包括以下各個分類:
頭楯目(Cephalaspidea)
有殼翼足類支序(Thecosomata)
裸體翼足類支序(Gymnosomata)- Aplysiomorpha
囊舌類支序(Sacoglossa)- Umbraculida
裸側類(Nudipleura)及
Acochlidiacea與Cylindrobullida這兩個群組。
頭楯目
頭楯目(Cephalaspidea)包括以下五個總科:
棗螺總科 Bulloidea:當時還未包括現時的米螺科
棗螺科 Bullidae
- Superfamily Diaphanoidea
- Family Diaphanidae
- Family Notodiaphanidae
- Family Diaphanidae
長葡萄螺總科 Haminoeoidea
長葡萄螺科 Haminoeidae
- Family Bullactidae
- Family Smaragdinellidae
壳蛞蝓总科 Philinoidea
壳蛞蝓科 Philinidae:又名薄泡螺科
拟海牛科 Aglajidae
盒螺科 Cylichnidae
腹翼螺科 Gastropteridae[9]
- Family Philinoglossidae
- Family Plusculidae
凹塔螺科 Retusidae
羽叶鳃总科 Runcinoidea
羽叶鳃科 Runcinidae
- Family Ilbiidae
有殼翼足類
有殼翼足類支序(Thecosomata)包括以下各個科與總科:
- Superfamily Cavolinioidea
- Family Cavoliniidae
- Family Limacinidae
- † Family Sphaerocinidae
- Family Cavoliniidae
- Superfamily Cymbulioidea
- Family Cymbuliidae
- Family Desmopteridae
- Family Peraclidae
- Family Cymbuliidae
裸體翼足類
裸體翼足類支序(Gymnosomata)包括以下兩個總科:
- Superfamily Clionoidea
- Family Clionidae
- Family Cliopsidae
- Family Notobranchaeidae
- Family Pneumodermatidae
- Family Clionidae
- Superfamily Hydromyloidea
- Family Hydromylidae
- Family Laginiopsidae
- Family Hydromylidae
Clade Aplysiomorpha (= Anaspidea)
- Superfamily Aplysioidea
- Family Aplysiidae
- Family Aplysiidae
- Superfamily Akeroidea
- Family Akeridae
- Family Akeridae
Group Acochlidiacea
- Superfamily Acochlidioidea
- Family Acochlidiidae
- Family Acochlidiidae
- Superfamily Hedylopsoidea
- Family Hedylopsidae
- Family Ganitidae
- Family Livorniellidae
- Family Minicheviellidae
- Family Parhedylidae
- Family Tantulidae
- Family Hedylopsidae
- Superfamily Palliohedyloidea
- Family Palliohedylidae
- Family Palliohedylidae
- Superfamily Strubellioidea
- Family Strubelliidae
- Family Pseudunelidae
- Family Strubelliidae
囊舌類支序
囊舌類支序(Sacoglossa)包括下列兩個亞支序:
- 長足亞支序
- 海天牛亞支序
長足亞支序
長足亞支序(Oxynoacea)皆為有殼物種[10],成員如下:
长足总科 Oxynooidea Stoliczka, 1868 (1847):本總科物種。
长足科 Oxynoidae Stoliczka, 1868 (1847)
珠綠螺科 Juliidae E. A. Smith, 1885
圆卷螺科 Volvatellidae Pilsbry, 1895
海天牛亞支序
海天牛亞支序(Placobranchacea)主要成員皆為沒有殼的物種,詳細如下:
海天牛總科 Placobranchoidea Gray, 1840
海天牛科 Placobranchidae Gray, 1840
- Family Boselliidae
- Family Platyhedylidae Salvini-Plawen, 1973
柱状總科 Limapontioidea Gray, 1847
柱状科 Limapontiidae Gray, 1847:舊作棍螺科 Stiligeridae[11]
- Family Caliphyllidae
荷叶鳃科 Hermaeidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
Group Cylindrobullida
- Superfamily Cylindrobulloidea
- Family Cylindrobullidae
- Family Cylindrobullidae
傘螺類支序
傘螺類支序(Umbraculida)包括由下列兩個科組成的傘螺總科:
傘螺總科 Umbraculoidea
傘螺科 Umbraculidae
- Family Tylodinidae
裸側類
裸側類支序(Nudipleura)由側鰓類亞支序和裸鰓類亞支序
側鰓類亞支序
側鰓類亞支序(Pleurobranchomorpha)只有一個總科:
- Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea
- Family Pleurobranchidae
- Family Pleurobranchidae
裸鰓類亞支序
裸鰓類亞支序(Nudibranchia)大致可以分為下列三個部份:
有角鰓類支序(Euctinidiacea)
無角鰓類支序(Dexiarchia)- 總科地位未定
- Family Rhodopidae
- Family Rhodopidae
有角鰓類支序
有角鰓類支序(Euctenidiacea ,即Holohepatica)
Contains the subclades Gnathodoridacea and 海蛞蝓亞支序
Subclade Gnathodoridacea
- Superfamily Bathydoridoidea
- Family Bathydorididae
- Family Bathydorididae
海蛞蝓亞支序
- Superfamily Doridoidea
- Family Dorididae
- Family Actinocyclidae
- Family Chromodorididae
- Family Discodorididae
- Family Dorididae
葉海牛總科 Phyllidioidea Rafinesque, 1814
葉海牛科 Phyllidiidae Rafinesque, 1814
枝鰓海麒麟科 Dendrodorididae O'Donoghue, 1924 (1864)
- Family Mandeliidae Valdés & Gosliner, 1999
- Superfamily Onchidoridoidea
- Family Onchidorididae
- Family Corambidae
- Family Goniodorididae
- Family Onchidorididae
多角海蛞蝓總科 Polyceroidea (= Phanerobranchiata Non Suctoria)
多角海蛞蝓科 Polyceridae
- Family Aegiretidae - Aegiretidae is incorrect subsequent spelling of this family in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005). Correct is Aegiridae.
- Family Gymnodorididae
- Family Hexabranchidae
- Family Okadaiidae
無角鰓類支序
無角鰓類支序(Dexiarchia,即Actenidiacea)包括Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia兩個支序:
Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ( = Doridoxida)
- Superfamily Doridoxoidea
- Family Doridoxidae
- Family Doridoxidae
Clade Cladobranchia ( = Cladohepatica)
Contains the subclades Euarminida, Dendronotida and Aeolidida
- Not assigned to a superfamily
- Family Charcotiidae
- Family Dironidae
- Family Dotidae
- Family Embletoniidae
- Family Goniaeolididae
- Family Heroidae
- Family Madrellidae
- Family Pinufiidae
- Family Proctonotidae
- Family Charcotiidae
Subclade Euarminida
- Superfamily Arminoidea
- Family Arminidae
- Family Doridomorphidae
- Family Arminidae
枝鰓類
枝鰓類(Dendronotida)[12]包括下列各科:
三歧海牛總科 Tritonioidea Lamarck, 1809
三歧海牛科 Tritoniidae Lamarck, 1809
- Family Aranucidae
二列鰓海牛科 Bornellidae
枝背海牛科 Dendronotidae
- Family Hancockiidae
- Family Lomanotidae
- Family Phylliroidae
- Family Scyllaeidae
- Family Tethydidae
蓑海牛類
蓑海牛類(Aeolidida)亞支序包括下列各分類單元:
- Superfamily Flabellinoidea ( = Pleuroprocta)
- Family Flabellinidae
- Family Notaeolidiidae
- Family Flabellinidae
- Superfamily Fionoidea
- Family Fionidae
- Family Calmidae
- Family Eubranchidae
- Family Pseudovermidae
- Family Tergipedidae
- Family Fionidae
蓑海牛总科 Aeolidioidea
蓑海牛科 Aeolidiidae
灰翼科 Facelinidae
海神鰓科 Glaucidae
- Family Piseinotecidae
有肺類支序
有肺類支序(Pulmonata)包括非正式群組基眼類及真有肺類支序:
非正式群組基眼類
非正式群組基眼類(Basommatophora)除包括高腹足類支序以外,還包括下列兩個總科:
兩棲螺總科 Amphiboloidea
兩棲螺科 Amphibolidae
- Superfamily Siphonarioidea
- Family Siphonariidae
- † Family Acroreiidae
- Family Siphonariidae
喜濕螺類支序
喜濕螺類支序(Hygrophila)包括以下各個總科:
斜顶螺总科 Acroloxoidea Thiele, 1931
斜顶螺科 Acroloxidae Thiele, 1931
- Superfamily Chilinoidea Dall, 1870
- Family Chilinidae Dall, 1870
- Family Latiidae Hutton, 1882
椎实螺总科(Lymnaeoidea Rafinesque, 1815)
椎实螺科(Lymnaeidae Rafinesque, 1815)
扁蜷總科(Planorboidea Rafinesque, 1815)
扁蜷科(Planorbidae Rafinesque, 1815)
膀胱螺科(Physidae Fitzinger, 1833,又名囊螺科)
真有肺類支序
真有肺類支序(Eupulmonata)除包括收眼類支序和柄眼類支序兩個支序以外,還包括下列各總科與科:
- Superfamily Trimusculoidea
- Family Trimusculidae
- Family Trimusculidae
- Superfamily Otinoidea
- Family Otinidae
- Family Smeagolidae
- Family Otinidae
耳螺總科 Ellobioidea(舊屬原始有肺目)
耳螺科 Ellobiidae
收眼類支序
收眼類支序(Systellommatophora=Gymnomorpha)之下有兩總科[13],分別為:
石磺總科 Onchidioidea Rafinesque, 1815
石磺科 Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815
皺足蛞蝓總科 Veronicelloidea Gray, 1840
皺足蛞蝓科 Veronicellidae Gray, 1840
拉索蛞蝓科 Rathouisiidae Heude, 1885
柄眼類支序
柄眼類支序(Stylommatophora)包括下列兩個亞支序與一個非正式群組:
板顎類支序 Elasmognatha
直尿道類支序 Orthurethra
弯尿道類非正式群組 Sigmurethra
板顎類亞支序
板顎類亞支序(Subclade Elasmognatha)包括:
琥珀螺超科(Succineoidea)
琥珀螺科(Succineidae)
无盔蛞蝓超科(Athoracophoroidea)
无盔蛞蝓科(Athoracophoridae)
直尿道類支序
直尿道類支序(Orthurethra)包括下列各總科與科:
帕图螺超科(Partuloidea)
帕图螺科(Partulidae)- Draparnaudiidae
小玛瑙螺超科(Achatinelloidea)
小玛瑙螺科(Achatinellidae)
槲果螺超科(Cochlicopoidea)
槲果螺科(Cochlicopidae)
同纹螺科(Amastridae)
蛹蜗牛超科(Pupilloidea)
虹蛹螺科(Pupillidae)- Argnidae
粒蛹螺科(Chondrinidae)
Cylindrellinidae(已灭绝)- Lauriidae
蛹状螺科(Orculidae)- Pleurodiscus
- Pyramidula
- Spelaeoconchidae
- Spelaeodiscidae
球果螺科(Strobilopsidae)
瓦娄蜗牛科(Valloniidae)
旋螺科(Vertiginidae)
艾纳螺超科(Enoidea)
艾纳螺科(Enidae)
霜纳螺科(Cerastidae Wenz, 1923)
彎尿道類非正式群組
彎尿道類非正式群組(Sigmurethra)包括下列各分類單元:
烟管蜗牛总科 Clausilioidea Gray, 1855
烟管蜗牛科 Clausiliidae Gray, 1855
- † Family Anadromidae
- † Family Filholiidae
- † Family Palaeostoidae
彩带螺超科(Orthalicoidea)
彩带螺科(Orthalicidae)
蜂窝蜗牛科(Cerionidae)- Coelociontidae
Grangerellidae(已灭绝)- Megaspiridae
- Placostylidae
尾刺螺科(Urocoptidae)
非洲大蝸牛總科 Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
非洲大蝸牛科 Achatinidae Swainson, 1840
- Cecilioididae
- Family Micractaeonidae Schileyko, 1999
钻头螺科 Subulinidae P. Fischer & Crosse, 1877
- 爱丽蛞蝓超科(Aillyoidea)
爱丽蛞蝓科(Aillyidae)
小壳螺超科(Testacelloidea)
小壳螺科(Testacellidae)
橡子螺科(Oleacinidae)
旋轴螺科(Spiraxidae)
Papillodermatoidea
- Papillodermatidae
- 扭轴蜗牛超科(Streptaxoidea)
扭轴蜗牛科(Streptaxidae)
彩釉蜗牛超科(Rhytidoidea)
彩釉蜗牛科(Rhytididae)
斗蓬螺科(Chlamydephoridae)
单孔螺科(Haplotrematidae)- Scolodontidae
红蜗牛超科(Acavoidea)
针状螺科(Acavidae)
硬壳螺科(Caryodidae)
羚管螺科(Dorcasiidae)- Macrocyclis
- Megomphicidae
玫瑰口蜗牛科(Strophocheilidae)
圈螺超科(Plectopyloidea)
圈螺科(Plectopylidae)
瞳孔蜗牛科(Corillidae)- Sculptaria
粟蜗牛超科(Punctoidea)
粟蜗牛科(Punctidae)
Anastomopsidae(已灭绝)
茶色蜗牛科(Charopidae)- Cystopeltidae
- Patulidae
内齿螺科(Endodontidae)- Helicodiscidae
山蜗牛科(Oreohelicidae)
盾状螺科(Thyrophorellidae)
- 袋螺超科(Sagdoidea)
袋螺科(Sagdidae)
旋蜗牛超科(Helicoidea)
大蜗牛科(Helicidae)
巴蜗牛科(Bradybaenidae)
坚齿螺科(Camaenidae)- Cochlicellidae
- Elonidae
- Epiphragmophoridae
- Halolimnohelicidae
- Helicodontidae
扁雕蜗牛科(Helminthoglyptidae)- Humboldtianidae
嗜石螺科(Hygromiidae)- Monadeniidae
肋齿螺科(Pleurodontidae)
多圆螺科(Polygyridae)- Sphincterochilidae
- Thysanophoridae
- Xanthonychidae
Staffordioidea
- Staffordiidae
Dyakioidea
- Dyakiidae
腹齒螺總科 Gastrodontoidea[14]
腹齒螺總科 Gastrodontidae
- Daudebardiidae
- Chronidae
真蛞蝓科(Euconulidae)- Oxychilidae
- Pristilomatidae
笠蜗牛科(Trochomorphidae)
小盾螺超科(Parmacelloidea)
小盾螺科(Parmacellidae)
小蛞蝓科(Milacidae)
三角外套蛞蝓科(Trigonochlamydidae)
- 带螺超科(Zonitoidea)
带螺科(Zonitidae)
鳖甲蜗牛超科(Helicarionoidea)
鳖甲蜗牛科(Helicarionidae)
拟阿勇蛞蝓科(Ariophantidae)
尾环蜗牛科(Urocyclidae)
背盾蛞蝓超科(Limacoidea)
蛞蝓科(Limacidae)
野蛞蝓科(Agriolimacidae)
蠕蝓科(Boettgerillidae)
玻璃蛞蝓科(Vitrinidae)
欧洲蛞蝓超科(Arionoidea)
阿勇蛞蝓科(Arionidae)
高山蛞蝓科(Anadenidae)
欧洲蛞蝓科(Ariolimacidae)- Binneyidae
- Oopeltidae
嗜粘液蛞蝓科(Philomycidae)
- 爱丽蛞蝓超科(Aillyoidea)
- Superfamily Aillyoidea
- Family Aillyidae
- Family Aillyidae
- Superfamily Testacelloidea
- Family Testacellidae
- Family Oleacinidae
- Family Spiraxidae
- Family Testacellidae
- Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
- Family Papillodermatidae
- Family Papillodermatidae
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea
- Family Streptaxidae
- Family Streptaxidae
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea
- Family Rhytididae
- Family Chlamydephoridae
- Family Haplotrematidae
- Family Scolodontidae
- Family Rhytididae
- Superfamily Acavoidea
- Family Acavidae
- Family Caryodidae
- Family Dorcasiidae
- Family Macrocyclidae
- Family Megomphicidae
- Family Strophocheilidae
- Family Acavidae
- Superfamily Plectopyloidea
- Family Plectopylidae
- Family Corillidae
- Family Sculptariidae
- Family Plectopylidae
- Superfamily Punctoidea
- Family Punctidae
- † Family Anastomopsidae
- Family Charopidae
- Family Cystopeltidae
- Family Discidae
- Family Endodontidae
- Family Helicodiscidae
- Family Oreohelicidae
- Family Thyrophorellidae
- Family Punctidae
- Superfamily Sagdoidea
- Family Sagdidae
- Family Sagdidae
limacoid clade
- Superfamily Staffordioidea
- Family Staffordiidae
- Family Staffordiidae
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Family Dyakiidae
- Family Dyakiidae
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Family Chronidae
- Family Euconulidae
- Family Oxychilidae
- Family Pristilomatidae
- Family Trochomorphidae
- Fossil taxa that probably belong to the superfamily Gastrodontoidea:
- Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
- Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
- Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Superfamily Parmacelloidea
- Family Parmacellidae
- Family Milacidae
- Family Trigonochlamydidae
- Family Parmacellidae
- Superfamily Zonitoidea
- Family Zonitidae
- Family Zonitidae
- Superfamily Helicarionoidea
- Family Helicarionidae
- Family Ariophantidae
- Family Urocyclidae
- Family Helicarionidae
- Superfamily Limacoidea
- Family Limacidae
- Family Agriolimacidae
- Family Boettgerillidae
- Family Vitrinidae
- Family Limacidae
Informal group Sigmurethra continued
Two other superfamilies are part of the clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade:
- Superfamily Arionoidea
- Family Arionidae
- Family Anadenidae
- Family Ariolimacidae
- Family Binneyidae
- Family Oopeltidae
- Family Philomycidae
- Family Arionidae
- Superfamily Helicoidea
- Family Helicidae
- Family Bradybaenidae
- Family Camaenidae
- Family Cepolidae
- Family Cochlicellidae
- Family Elonidae
- Family Epiphragmophoridae
- Family Halolimnohelicidae
- Family Helicodontidae
- Family Helminthoglyptidae
- Family Humboldtianidae
- Family Hygromiidae
- Family Monadeniidae
- Family Pleurodontidae
- Family Polygyridae
- Family Sphincterochilidae
- Family Thysanophoridae
- Family Trissexodontidae
- Family Xanthonychidae
- Family Helicidae
參考文獻
^ Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1-2): 397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997. 已忽略未知参数|first-editor2=
(帮助); 已忽略未知参数|last-editor2=
(帮助); 已忽略未知参数|last-editor1=
(帮助); 已忽略未知参数|first-editor1=
(帮助)
^ 2.02.1 引用错误:没有为名为shelldoc_100269
的参考文献提供内容
^ 3.03.1 引用错误:没有为名为shell_60
的参考文献提供内容
^ 4.04.1 Stephanie W. Aktipis & Gonzalo Giribet (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades". Invertebrate Biology 129(3): 220-240 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 doi:10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00198.x.
^ WoRMS: Neomphalina
^ 引用错误:没有为名为shelldoc_000008
的参考文献提供内容
^ 引用错误:没有为名为Li etal 2010
的参考文献提供内容
^ 引用错误:没有为名为qzx
的参考文献提供内容
^ Gastropteridae 腹翼科海蛞蝓. 2011-07-13 [2017-08-17] (中文(繁體)).
^ 引用错误:没有为名为Händeler 2009
的参考文献提供内容
^ 引用错误:没有为名为shelldoc_000280
的参考文献提供内容
^ 引用错误:没有为名为qdhys
的参考文献提供内容
^ Dayrat B. Review of the current knowledge of the systematics of Onchidiidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Pulmonata) with a checklist of nominal species (preview). Zootaxa. 2009, 2068: 1–26.
^ 引用错误:没有为名为guokr
的参考文献提供内容
Guido T. Poppe; Sheila P. Tagaro. The New Classification of Gastropods according to Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 (PDF). Visaya. 2006-02-23 [2018-05-13]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017年7月29日) (英语).
參看
- 腹足纲分类表 (1997年)
- 布歇特等人的腹足類分類 (2017年)
外部連結
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