重型戰車

Multi tool use

蘇聯IS-3重型戰車
重型戰車,是戰車的類型之一,重量約在40噸~70噸左右,在相同的成本下提供比輕型戰車或中型戰車更強大的火力與裝甲。
重型戰車在設計上是用於突破防線、破壞障礙物、摧毀敵方裝甲車輛等任務。但是在實務上,用於防守的作用比進攻更為顯著。
在第二次世界大戰結束之後,由於穿甲彈的更發先進以及更精良的但體積更小的主炮誕生,使得即便是相對較小的中型戰車也能裝備足以摧毀重戰車的火力,卻有著較佳的機動性以及接近同等級的防護力,因此重型戰車漸漸的被淘汰,轉為被主力戰車所取代。
用途
重裝戰車最大作用就是運用強大的火力破壞障礙物或掩蔽物,為己方更輕型的戰車掃平道路,但是糟糕的機動性也往往會成為敵方中型戰車的目標。不過,持續進化的引擎與懸吊系統在很大程度上改善了這個問題。
重裝戰車最大的問題就是生產成本,以德軍虎式戰車為例,雖然在各方面都遠勝二戰時期的各國主力戰車,但是相對德軍主力四號戰車的8,800輛、蘇聯主力T-34的58,000輛、盟軍主力M4雪曼的40,000輛,至終戰為止,虎式戰車也不過生產了約1,300餘輛而已
設計
相對較輕型的戰車,重裝戰車擁有非常厚實的裝甲,但是越厚也代表重量越重,量產型的引擎通常也只是勘勘足以驅動而已。重裝戰車受限於引擎的力量,速度普遍不快,而且長時間讓引擎滿負荷甚至超負荷運轉,也容易讓引擎和傳動系統故障或損毀。
不過,重裝戰車的出現往往能為更輕型的戰車提供更好的掩護。
相關條目
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