List of rulers of Toungoo


























This is a list of rulers of Taungoo, the predecessor principality of the Taungoo Dynasty of what is now Myanmar. The principality of Taungoo, at the edge of the realm of Upper Burma-based kingdoms, was a rebellion-prone vassal state. The region was ruled by hereditary viceroys as well as appointed governors, depending on the power of the high king at Pinya, and later Inwa (Ava). Many of the rulers of Taungoo were assassinated while in office, and a few others died in action, showing the frontier nature of the region. The high kings at Ava at times had only nominal control or no control in many stretches.[1] After 1612, the office of viceroy at Taungoo became a mere appointed governorship as the Restored Taungoo kings abolished then existing hereditary viceroyships throughout the entire Irrawaddy valley.[2]




Contents






  • 1 Origins


  • 2 List of rulers


  • 3 See also


  • 4 Notes


  • 5 References


  • 6 Bibliography





Origins


The first recorded administration of the Taungoo region came in 1191 when King Sithu II appointed Ananda Thuriya, a son-in-law of his, to be governor of Kanba Myint (.mw-parser-output .script-myanmar{font-family:"Myanmar Text",Myanmar3,Myanmar2,Myanmar1,Padauk,"Noto Sans Myanmar",mm3web,TharLon,"Masterpiece Uni Sans",Parabaik,Yunghkio,Thanlwin,"Win Uni Innwa","MyMyanmar Unicode","WinUni Innwa"}ကမ်းပါးမြင့်), a settlement on the Swa stream, a tributary of the Paunglaung, about 40 km north of present-day Taungoo. The first governor was succeeded by his son, Min Hla Saw, who in turn was succeeded by his son, Thawun Letya. According to the chronicle Toungoo Yazawin, Thawun Gyi and Thawun Nge, the two sons of Thawun Letya founded a new settlement near the present-day city of Taungoo, about 40 km south of Kanba Myint, in 1279. It was named Taungoo (တောင်ငူ, "Hill's Spur") because of its location by the hills.[3]




























Name
Term From
Term Until
Relationship to predecessor(s)

Ananda Thuriya
1191

c. late 1220s
Appointed
Min Hla Saw

c. late 1220s
1250s
Son
Thawun Letya
1250s
1256
Son

No office holder (1256–79)


List of rulers






































































































































































































































































Name
Term From
Term Until
Relationship to predecessor(s)
Notes

Thawun Gyi
17 April 1279

c. 23 June 1317
Son of Thawun Letya
Vassal of Pagan (1279–87); assassinated

Thawun Nge

c. 23 June 1317
1324
Brother
Independent (1317–18); Vassal of Pinya (1318–24)

Saw Hnit
1324
1325
Son
Vassal of Pinya; assassinated

Kayin Ba
1325

c. May 1342
No relations; usurper
Vassal of Pinya

Letya Sekkya

c. May 1342

c. May 1344
Son-in-law
Vassal of Pinya; assassinated

Htauk Hlayga

c. May 1344

c. January 1347
Brother; usurper
Vassal of Pinya; assassinated

Theingaba

c. January 1347
29 March 1367
No relations; usurper
Independent/in rebellion (1358–67)

Pyanchi I
29 March 1367

c. November 1375
Son
Vassal of Ava; assassinated

Ma Sein

c. November 1375

c. January 1376
Usurper
Vassal of Hanthawaddy Pegu; assassinated

Pyanchi II

c. January 1376
1379
Son of Pyanchi I
Vassal of Ava; assassinated

Sokkate
1379
1383
Brother-in-law
Vassal of Ava; assassinated

Phaungga
1383
1397
Usurper
Vassal of Ava

Saw Oo I
1397
1399
Son
Removed from office

Min Nemi
1399
1408/09
No relations, appointed


Letya Zeya Thingyan
1408/09
1411/12
Appointed
Moved to become governor of Pyinzi

Thinkhaya I
1411/12
1415
Appointed


Thinkhaya II
1415
1418/19
Son
KIA

Pantaung
1419
1420
Appointed
Interim governor

Thinkhaya III
1420
1435
Appointed
Independent/in rebellion (1426–35)

Uzana
1435
1436
Son-in-law; Appointed
Independent/in rebellion; Vassal of Hanthawaddy; Removed from office by Binnya Ran I

Saw Oo II
1436
1440
Son of Thinkhaya III
Independent/in rebellion; killed in action

Tarabya
1440
2 January 1446[4]
Appointed
Vassal of Ava

Minkhaung I
2 January 1446
1451
Son
Vassal of Ava; assassinated

Minye Kyawhtin
1451
1459
Usurper; son of Crown Prince Minye Kyawswa
Independent/in rebellion (1451–59); assassinated

Thiri Zeya Thura
1459
1466
Appointed
Removed from office

Letya Zala Thingyan
1466
1470
Appointed
Independent/in revolt (1470); deposed

Sithu Kyawhtin
1470
1481
Appointed
Vassal of Ava; died in action

Min Sithu
1481
c. April 1485
Son
Vassal of Ava; assassinated

Mingyi Nyo

c. April 1485
24 November 1530
Nephew
Declared independence from Ava in 1510

Tabinshwehti
24 November 1530
1540
Son
Moved seat of government to Bago (Pegu) in 1539

Mingyi Swe
1540
March 1549[note 1]
Appointed; father of Bayinnaung


Minkhaung II
March 1549
11 January 1551[5]
Appointed
Independent/in rebellion (1550–51)

Bayinnaung
11 January 1551
12 March 1552[6]
Elder brother


Minkhaung II
6 June 1552[7]
June 1584[8]
Younger brother; re-appointed


Minye Thihathu II
June 1584
11 August 1609
Son
Independent/in rebellion (1597–1609)

Natshinnaung
11 August 1609
August 1612[9]
Son; appointed 1610–12
Independent/in rebellion (1609–10)


See also



  • List of Burmese monarchs

  • List of rulers of Ava

  • List of rulers of Martaban

  • List of rulers of Pegu

  • List of rulers of Prome



Notes





  1. ^ (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 236): He died in year 910 ME after having participated in the 1548–1549 Siamese campaign. Since Tabinshwehti arrived back at Pegu on 1 March 1549 (3rd waxing of Late Tagu 910 ME) per (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 232), Mingyi Swe died during the remaining weeks of 910 ME, which ended on 29 March 1549.




References





  1. ^ Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 10–13


  2. ^ Lieberman 2003: 161–162


  3. ^ Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 15


  4. ^ (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 31): 5th waxing of Tabodwe 807 ME = 2 January 1446


  5. ^ (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 257): Sunday, 3rd waxing of Tabodwe 912 ME = 11 January 1551.


  6. ^ Thaw Kaung 2010: 107


  7. ^ (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 269): 14th waxing Waso 914 ME = 6 June 1552


  8. ^ (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 269): Waso 946 ME = 8 June 1584 to 6 July 1584


  9. ^ (Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 320): Wagaung 974 ME = 29 July 1612 to 27 August 1612




Bibliography




  • Lieberman, Victor B. (2003). Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80496-7..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1829–1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information (Myanmar).


  • Sein Lwin Lay, Kahtika U (2006). Mintaya Shwe Hti and Bayinnaung: Ketumadi Taungoo Yazawin (in Burmese) (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Yan Aung Sarpay.


  • Thaw Kaung, U (2010). Aspects of Myanmar History and Culture. Yangon: Gangaw Myaing.




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