Council of Scientific and Industrial Research












































Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research logo.png
Founder(s)
Arcot Ramaswamy Mudaliar
Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar
Established 26 September 1942
President Prime Minister of India
Director General Shekhar Mande
Budget 3098 Crore as of 2013 [1]
Subsidiaries 38 laboratories

39 outreach centers


3 Innovation Centers
Location Anusandhan Bhawan,

2 Rafi Marg,


New Delhi-110 001.
Website www.csir.res.in

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (IAST: vaigyanik tathā audyogik anusandhāna pariṣada) abbreviated as CSIR was established by the Government of India in September of 1942 as an autonomous body that has emerged as the largest research and development organisation in India.


As of 2013, it runs 38 laboratories/institutes, 39 outreach centers, 3 Innovation Centers and 5 units throughout the nation, with a collective staff of over 14,000, including a total of 3987 scientists and 6454 technical and support personnel.[2] Although it is mainly funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, it operates as an autonomous body through the Societies Registration Act, 1860.[3]


The research and development activities of CSIR include aerospace engineering, structural engineering, ocean sciences, life sciences, metallurgy, chemicals, mining, food, petroleum, leather, and environmental science.[3]


Ashutosh Sharma, Secretary of DST took additional charge as director general of CSIR, with effect from August 24, 2018.[4]


In terms of Intellectual property, CSIR has 2971 patents in force internationally and 1592 patents in force in India.[2]


In late 2007, the Minister of Science and Technology, Kapil Sibal stated, in a Question Hour session of the Parliament, that CSIR has developed 1,376 technologies/knowledgebase during the last decade of the 20th century.[5]




Contents






  • 1 History


  • 2 Organization Structure


  • 3 CSIR achievements


  • 4 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology


  • 5 Research laboratories under CSIR


  • 6 Journals


  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


  • 9 External links





History


In the 1930s, the need for establishing research organisations for the development of natural resources and new industries in India began to emerge. Eminent citizens such as C. V. Raman, Lt. Col. Seymour Sewell and J. C. Ghosh had proposed the creation of an advisory board of scientific research. Sir Richard Gregory, then editor of Nature, was among the first people who officially reported to the British Government. After visiting scientific departments and universities in India in 1933, Gregory submitted to Samuel Hoare, Secretary of State for India, regarding the need of scientific organisation similar to the DSIR in Britain. Indian scientists at Calcutta and Bangalore initiated schemes to launch a National Institute of Sciences and an Indian Academy of Sciences, respectively. At the Fifth Industries Conference in 1933, the Provincial Governments of Bombay, Madras, Bihar and Orissa unanimously reiterated their demand for a co-ordinating forum for industrial research. Hoare advised the Viceroy, Lord Willingdon, to support the demand. However, in May 1934, Willingdon replied to Hoare saying, "The creation of a Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in India to promote the application of research to natural resources does not appear to be necessary." While the Indian DSIR was rejected, the colonial government provided a small concession. It instead offered to create an Industrial Intelligence and Research Bureau, which came into operation in April 1935 under the Indian Stores Department. The Bureau's limited resources (with a budget of INR 1.0 lakh per annum) made it impossible to initiate major research and industrial activities as had been hoped for; it was mainly concerned with testing and quality control.[6]


At the onset of World War II in 1939, the bureau was proposed to be abolished. Arguably, Arcot Ramaswamy Mudaliar became the most instrumental in the creation of CSIR in India.[7] As a member of Viceroy’s executive council, and also of Commerce, he recommended that the Bureau should be terminated, not as a measure of economy, but to make room for a Board of Scientific and Industrial Research, which should be endowed with greater resources and wider objectives. It was by this persistence that the Board of Scientific and Industrial Research (BSIR) was created on 1 April 1940 for a period of two years. Mudaliar became the chair of the board. It was at this point that Bhatnagar was appointed to pilot the board, as the Director. The BSIR was allocated an annual budget of INR 500,000 under the Department of Commerce. By the end of 1940, about 80 researchers were engaged, of whom one-quarter was directly employed. Major achievements of BSIR included development of the techniques for the purification of Baluchistan sulphur anti-gas cloth manufacture, vegetable oil blends as fuel and lubricants, plastic packing cases for army boots and ammunition, dyes for uniforms and the preparation of vitamins, and the invention of a pyrethrum emulsifier and cream. In early 1941 Bhatnagar persuaded the government to set up an Industrial Research Utilisation Committee (IRUC) for translating results into application. The government then agreed to make a separate fund out of the royalties received from industry for further investment into industrial research. Mudaliar recommended that an Industrial Research Fund should be constituted, which would have an annual grant of INR 1,000,000 (one million) for a period of five years. This was accepted by the Central Assembly in Delhi at its session on 14 November 1941.


Then the constitution of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) as an autonomous body was prepared under Mudaliar and Bhatnagar. Thus, CSIR came into operation on 26 September 1942. The BSIR and IRUC were incorporated into the advisory bodies to the governing body of the CSIR. In 1943 the governing body of CSIR approved the proposal of Bhatnagar, though the initiative of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, to establish five national laboratories — the National Chemical Laboratory, the National Physical Laboratory, the Fuel Research Station, and the Glass and Ceramics Research Institute. In 1944 in addition to its annual budget of INR 1 million, CSIR received a grant of INR 10 million for the establishment of these laboratories. The Tata Industrial House donated INR 2 million for the chemical, metallurgical and fuel research laboratories.[6] The foundation for the Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute at Kolkata was the first to be laid, in December 1945; and that for the National Chemical Laboratory at Pune was the last, on 6 April 1947, four months before India became independent.[8] All the five establishments were completed by 1950.[7]



Organization Structure




  1. President : Prime Minister (Ex-Officio) [9]


  2. Vice President : Minister of Science & Technology, India (Ex-Officio)


  3. Governing Body : The Director General is the head of the governing body. The other ex-officio member is the finance secretary (expenditures). Other members' terms are three years.


  4. CSIR Advisory Board : 15-member body composed of prominent members from respective fields of science and technology. Its function is to provide S&T inputs to the governing body. Member terms are three years.



CSIR achievements



  • Developed India's first synthetic drug, methaqualone in 1950.[10][11]

  • Developed first Indian tractor Swaraj in 1967 completely based on indigenous know-how.[12]

  • Achieved the first breakthrough of flowering of Bamboo within weeks as against twenty years in nature.[13][14]

  • First to analyse genetic diversity of the indigenous Andamanese tribes and to establish their origin out of Africa 60,000 years ago.[15]

  • Developed the first transgenic Drosophila model for drug screening for cancer in humans.[citation needed]

  • Invented, once a week non-steroidal family planning pill Saheli and non-steroidal herbal pill for asthma called Asmon.[16]

  • Designed India's first ever parallel processing computer, Flosolver.[17]



  • Rejuvenated India's one-hundred-year-old refinery at Digboi using the most modern molecular distillation technology.[18]

  • With TCS, developed a versatile portable PC-based software 'Bio-Suite' for bioinformatics.[19]

  • Design of 14 seater plane 'SARAS'.[20]

  • Established first ever in the world 'Traditional Knowledge Digital Library' accessible in five international languages, English, German, French, Japanese and Spanish.[21]

  • Successfully challenged the grant of patent in the USA for use of haldi (turmeric) for wound healing and neem as insecticide.[22]

  • In 2009, completed the sequencing of the Human Genome.[23]

  • In 2011, successfully tested India's 1st indigenous civilian aircraft, NAL NM5 made in association with National Aerospace Laboratories and Mahindra Aerospace.


  • Bhopal Disaster December 1985 Report.[24]

  • On 25 September 2016 CSIR celebrated its Platinum Jubliee. The Platinum Jubilee celebrations were inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[25]



Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology


Main article: Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology

The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize was established by CSIR in 1958. The prize is named after the Founder Director of the Council of Industrial Research (CSIR), late Dr. (Sir) Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar. To bestow the honor to the outstanding performers in the various research fields of Science & Technology, CSIR has started this award.


The nominees for the award are filtered out from the research categories of - Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Earth Sciences, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary, Engineering, Mathematical Sciences, Medical Sciences & Physical Sciences.


The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize comes up with a Citation, a Plaque & a Cash Award of 5 Lakh Rupees with the addition of a stipend of 15,000/- per month (till the age of 65).


Every year, the Award Selection Committee of CSIR presents the award to maximum 2 individuals from each research category. As per the stats, the SSB Prize has been awarded to 525 individuals for their exemplary work in Science & Technology.


To avail such prestigious award, the candidates need to fulfill the following criteria –



  • Indian Nationality

  • Overseas citizen of India (OCI) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIO) working in India

  • The awardee must have made conspicuously important and outstanding contributions to human knowledge and progress – fundamental and applied – in the field of endeavor, which is his/her specialization.

  • Upper Age Limit – 45 Years.


The above criteria help CSIR Committee to select the eligible candidates for the award but the selection will be based on the results of selection procedure which is conducted by the Advisory Committee of CSIR.



Research laboratories under CSIR




  1. AMPRI Advance Material and Process Research Institute, Bhopal

  2. C-MMACS - CSIR Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation, Bangalore

  3. CBRI - CSIR-Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee

  4. CCMB- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad

  5. CDRI - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow

  6. CECRI- Central Electro Chemical Research Institute, Karaikudi

  7. CEERI - Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani

  8. CFTRI - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore

  9. CGCRI - Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata

  10. CIMAP - Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow

  11. CIMFR - Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, Dhanbad

  12. CLRI - Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai

  13. CMERI - Central mechanical engineering research institute, Durgapur

  14. CRRI - Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi

  15. CSIO - Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh

  16. CSMCRI - Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar

  17. IGIB - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi

  18. IHBT - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur

  19. IICB - Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata

  20. IICT - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad

  21. IIIM, Jammu - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu

  22. IIP - Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun

  23. IMMT - Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar

  24. IMTECH - Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh

  25. IITR - Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow (formerly known as Industrial Toxicology Research Centre)

  26. NAL - National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore

  27. NBRI - National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow

  28. NCL - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune

  29. NEERI - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur

  30. NGRI - National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad

  31. NIO - National Institute of Oceanography, Goa

  32. NISCAIR - National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, New Delhi

  33. NISTADS - National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies, New Delhi

  34. NML - National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur

  35. NPL - National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi

  36. NEIST (RRL), Jorhat - North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat , Jorhat

  37. OSDD - Open Source Drug Discovery


  38. National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology - Thiruvananthapuram

  39. SERC, M - Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai

  40. URDIP Unit for Research and Development of Information Products, Pune




Journals


18 journals and 3 popular science magazines (Science Reporter and its Hindi,Urdu editions) are available under open access from NOPR website.[26]



See also





  • Forest Research Institute (India), Dehradun


  • Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISER)


  • National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore


  • National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)

  • Open access in India

  • Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology


  • Telecommunication Engineering Center, New Delhi




References





  1. ^ "Annual Report 2014" (PDF)..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ ab "CSIR Annual Report 2014" (PDF).


  3. ^ ab "Council of Scientific & Industrial Research - GoI". www.csir.res.in. Archived from the original on 17 August 2000.


  4. ^ "Prof. Ashutosh Sharma, Secretary DST has assumed additional charge of DG CSIR - cum - Secretary DSIR reg. | Council of Scientific & Industrial Research | GoI". www.csir.res.in. Retrieved 2018-09-04.


  5. ^ "Minister of S&T claims India made 1,300-odd inventions in a decade". Archived from the original on 28 July 2008.


  6. ^ ab Vigyan Prasar Science Portal. "Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar". Vigyan Prasar. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.


  7. ^ ab Sivaram C (2002). "The genesis of CSIR" (PDF). Resonance. 7 (4): 98. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-07.


  8. ^ Sivaram S (2002). "Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar: A Visionary Extraordinary" (PDF). Resonance. 7 (4): 90–97. doi:10.1007/bf02836142. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 January 2016.


  9. ^ "Organisational Structure | Council of Scientific & Industrial Research | GoI". www.csir.res.in. Retrieved 2018-09-04.


  10. ^ Sarah E. Boslaugh, ed. (2015-09-15). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Pharmacology and Society. ISBN 9781506346182. Retrieved May 23, 2016.


  11. ^ Reddy, K. Anji (2015-01-15). An Unfinished Agenda: My Life in the Pharmaceuticals Industry By K Anji Reddy. ISBN 9789351189213. Retrieved May 24, 2016.


  12. ^ "History". Mahindra Swaraj. 2009. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013.


  13. ^ Angier, Natalie (22 March 1990). "Bamboo Coaxed to Flower in Lab; Global Impact on the Crop Is Seen". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 March 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2012.


  14. ^ Nadgauda, R. S.; Parasharami, V. A.; Mascarenhas, A. F. (22 March 1990). "Precocious flowering and seeding behaviour in tissue-cultured bamboos". Nature. 344 (6264): 335. doi:10.1038/344335a0. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018 – via www.nature.com.


  15. ^ Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Singh, Lalji; Reddy, Alla G.; Rao, V.Raghavendra; Sehgal, Subhash C.; Underhill, Peter A.; Pierson, Melanie; Frame, Ian G.; Hagelberg, Erika (2003) [21 January 2003]. "Genetic Affinities of the Andaman Islanders, a Vanishing Human Population". Current Biology. 13 (2): 86–93. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01336-2.


  16. ^ "Showcasing the CSIR". The Hindu. Thiruvananthapuram, India. 8 May 2003.


  17. ^ "Flosolver Division" (PDF). Brief description of the history of the NAL Flosolver Division and its current work. National Aerospace Laboratories, India. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2009.


  18. ^ "CSIR-Achievements". CSIR, India. Archived from the original on 9 January 2016. Retrieved 20 May 2013.


  19. ^ "TCS bio-suite unveiled". The Hindu. Hyderabad, India. 15 July 2004. Archived from the original on 19 September 2011.


  20. ^ R. Guruprasad (2004). "The Saga of Saras: Part 1" (PDF). [PD IM 0407] History and details of the inception and development of Saras. National Aerospace Laboratories, India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2009.


  21. ^ "CSIR chief stress on non-patent literature database". Business Line. 23 September 2000. Archived from the original on 4 February 2013.


  22. ^ "Biopiracy and traditional knowledge". The Hindu. India. 20 May 2001. Archived from the original on 1 April 2014.


  23. ^ [1][dead link]


  24. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  25. ^ "CSIR scientists must strive for 'time bound delivery' of technology: Modi". The Hindu. 26 September 2016. Archived from the original on 30 April 2018 – via www.thehindu.com.


  26. ^ "NISCAIR ONLINE PERIODICALS REPOSITORY (NOPR) : Home". nopr.niscair.res.in. 2015. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015. NISCAIR Online Periodicals Repository (NOPR)




External links



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