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66th Academy Awards
	; Official poster;
Date	March 21, 1994
Site	; Dorothy Chandler Pavilion; Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Hosted by	Whoopi Goldberg
Produced by	Gil Cates
Directed by	Jeff Margolis
Highlights
Best Picture	Schindler's List
Most awards	; Schindler's List (7)
Most nominations	; Schindler's List (12)
TV in the United States
Network	ABC
Duration	3 hours, 18 minutes;
Ratings	46.26 million; 31.86% (Nielsen ratings)
	; ; ← 65th; ; ; Academy Awards; ; ; 67th →; ; ;

The 66th Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored films released in 1993 and took place on March 21, 1994, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 23 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis.^[2]^[3] Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the first time.^[4] Nearly a month earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills, California on February 26, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Laura Dern.^[5]

Schindler's List won seven awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for Steven Spielberg.^[6] Other winners included Jurassic Park and The Piano with three awards each, Philadelphia with two awards, and The Age of Innocence, Belle Epoque, Defending Our Lives, The Fugitive, I Am a Promise: The Children of Stanton Elementary School, Mrs. Doubtfire, Schwarzfahrer and The Wrong Trousers with one. The telecast was watched by more than 46 million viewers in the United States.

Winners and nominees

The nominees for the 66th Academy Awards were announced on February 9, 1994, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Academy president Arthur Hiller, and actress Christine Lahti.^[7]Schindler's List led all nominees with twelve nominations; The Piano and The Remains of the Day tied for second with eight.^[8]^[9]

The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 21, 1994. Best Director nominee Jane Campion was the second woman to be nominated in that category.^[10]Holly Hunter and Emma Thompson's nominations in both lead and supporting acting categories marked the first and so far only occurrence that two performers earned double acting nominations in the same year.^[11] Best Supporting Actress winner Anna Paquin, at age 11, became the second youngest winner of a competitive acting Oscar, behind Tatum O'Neal, who won at age 10 for Paper Moon.^[12]

Awards

Steven Spielberg, Best Director winner

Tom Hanks, Best Actor winner

Holly Hunter, Best Actress winner

Tommy Lee Jones, Best Supporting Actor winner

Anna Paquin, Best Supporting Actress winner

Jane Campion, Best Original Screenplay winner

Nick Park, Best Animated Short Film winner

Allan Starski, Best Art Direction co-winner

Janusz Kamiński, Best Cinematography winner

Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double-dagger ().^[13]

Best Picture Schindler's List – Steven Spielberg, Gerald R. Molen, and Branko Lustig, producers The Fugitive – Arnold Kopelson, producer In the Name of the Father – Jim Sheridan, producer The Piano – Jan Chapman, producer The Remains of the Day – John Calley, Mike Nichols, and Ismail Merchant, producers	Best Director Steven Spielberg – Schindler's List Jim Sheridan – In the Name of the Father Jane Campion – The Piano James Ivory – The Remains of the Day Robert Altman – Short Cuts
Best Actor *Tom Hanks – Philadelphia* as Andrew Beckett** Daniel Day-Lewis – In the Name of the Father as Gerry Conlon Laurence Fishburne – What's Love Got to Do with It as Ike Turner Anthony Hopkins – The Remains of the Day as James Stevens Liam Neeson – Schindler's List as Oskar Schindler	Best Actress *Holly Hunter – The Piano* as Ada McGrath** Angela Bassett – What's Love Got to Do with It as Tina Turner Stockard Channing – Six Degrees of Separation as Ouisa Kittredge Emma Thompson – The Remains of the Day as Sarah "Sally" Kenton Debra Winger – Shadowlands as Joy Davidman
Best Supporting Actor *Tommy Lee Jones – The Fugitive* as U.S. Marshal Samuel Gerard** Leonardo DiCaprio – What's Eating Gilbert Grape as Arnie Grape Ralph Fiennes – Schindler's List as Amon Goeth John Malkovich – In the Line of Fire as Mitch Leary Pete Postlethwaite – In the Name of the Father as Giuseppe Conlon	Best Supporting Actress *Anna Paquin – The Piano* as Flora McGrath** Holly Hunter – The Firm as Tamara "Tammy" Hemphill Rosie Perez – Fearless as Carla Rodrigo Winona Ryder – The Age of Innocence as May Welland Emma Thompson – In the Name of the Father as Gareth Peirce
Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen The Piano – Jane Campion Dave – Gary Ross In the Line of Fire – Jeff Maguire Philadelphia – Ron Nyswaner Sleepless in Seattle – Nora Ephron, David S. Ward, and Jeff Arch	Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published Schindler's List – Steven Zaillian based on the non-fiction book by Thomas Keneally The Age of Innocence – Martin Scorsese and Jay Cocks based on the novel by Edith Wharton In the Name of the Father – Jim Sheridan and Terry George based on the autobiographical book Proved Innocent by Gerry Conlon The Remains of the Day – Ruth Prawer Jhabvala based on the novel by Kazuo Ishiguro Shadowlands – William Nicholson based on his play
Best Foreign Language Film Belle Epoque (Spain) in Spanish – Fernando Trueba, director Farewell My Concubine (Hong Kong) in Mandarin Chinese – Chen Kaige, director Hedd Wyn (United Kingdom) in Welsh – Paul Turner, director The Scent of Green Papaya (Vietnam) in Vietnamese – Anh Hung Tran, director The Wedding Banquet (Taiwan) in Mandarin Chinese – Ang Lee, director	Best Documentary Feature I Am a Promise: The Children of Stanton Elementary School – Susan Raymond and Alan Raymond The Broadcast Tapes of Dr. Peter – David Paperny and Arthur Ginsberg Children of Fate: Life and Death in a Sicilian Family – Susan Todd and Andrew Young For Better or for Worse – David Collier and Betsy Thompson The War Room – D. A. Pennebaker and Chris Hegedus
Best Documentary Short Subject Defending Our Lives – Margaret Lazarus and Renner Wunderlich Blood Ties: The Life and Work of Sally Mann – Steven Cantor and Peter Spirer Chicks in White Satin – Elaine Holliman and Jason Schneider	Best Live Action Short Film Schwarzfahrer – Pepe Danquart Down on the Waterfront – Stacy Title and Jonathan Penner The Dutch Master – Susan Seidelman and Jonathan Brett Partners – Peter Weller and Jana Sue Memel The Screw (La Vis) – Didier Flamand
Best Animated Short Film The Wrong Trousers – Nick Park Blindscape – Stephen Palmer The Mighty River – Frédéric Back and Hubert Tison Small Talk – Bob Godfrey and Kevin Baldwin The Village – Mark Baker	Best Original Score Schindler's List – John Williams The Age of Innocence – Elmer Bernstein The Firm – Dave Grusin The Fugitive – James Newton Howard The Remains of the Day – Richard Robbins
Best Original Song *"Streets of Philadelphia" from Philadelphia* – Music and Lyrics by Bruce Springsteen** "Again" from Poetic Justice – Music and Lyrics by Janet Jackson and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis "The Day I Fall in Love" from Beethoven's 2nd – Music and Lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager, James Ingram, and Clif Magness "Philadelphia" from Philadelphia – Music and Lyrics by Neil Young "A Wink and a Smile" from Sleepless in Seattle – Music by Marc Shaiman; Lyrics by Ramsey McLean	Best Sound Jurassic Park – Gary Rydstrom, Gary Summers, Ron Judkins, and Shawn Murphy Cliffhanger – Michael Minkler, Bob Beemer, and Tim Cooney The Fugitive – Donald O. Mitchell, Michael Herbick, Frank A. Montaño, and Scott D. Smith Geronimo: An American Legend – Chris Carpenter, Doug Hemphill, Bill W. Benton, and Lee Orloff Schindler's List – Andy Nelson, Steve Pederson, Scott Millan, and Ron Judkins
Best Sound Effects Editing Jurassic Park – Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns Cliffhanger – Wylie Stateman and Gregg Baxter The Fugitive – John Leveque and Bruce Stambler	Best Art Direction Schindler's List – Art Direction: Allan Starski; Set Decoration: Ewa Braun Addams Family Values – Art Direction: Ken Adam; Set Decoration: Marvin March The Age of Innocence – Art Direction: Dante Ferretti; Set Decoration: Robert J. Franco Orlando – Art Direction: Ben Van Os and Jan Roelfs The Remains of the Day – Art Direction: Luciana Arrighi; Set Decoration: Ian Whittaker
Best Makeup Mrs. Doubtfire – Greg Cannom, Ve Neill, and Yolanda Toussieng Philadelphia – Carl Fullerton and Alan D'Angerio Schindler's List – Christina Smith, Matthew W. Mungle, and Judith A. Cory	Best Costume Design The Age of Innocence – Gabriella Pescucci Orlando – Sandy Powell The Piano – Janet Patterson The Remains of the Day – Jenny Beavan and John Bright Schindler's List – Anna B. Sheppard
Best Cinematography Schindler's List – Janusz Kamiński Farewell My Concubine – Gu Changwei The Fugitive – Michael Chapman The Piano – Stuart Dryburgh Searching for Bobby Fischer – Conrad Hall	Best Film Editing Schindler's List – Michael Kahn The Fugitive – Dennis Virkler, David Finfer, Dean Goodhill, Don Brochu, Richard Nord, and Dov Hoenig In the Name of the Father – Gerry Hambling In the Line of Fire – Anne V. Coates The Piano – Veronika Jenet
Best Visual Effects Jurassic Park – Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Phil Tippett, and Michael Lantieri Cliffhanger – Neil Krepela, John Richardson, John Bruno, and Pamela Easley The Nightmare Before Christmas – Pete Kozachik, Eric Leighton, Ariel Velasco Shaw, and Gordon Baker

Academy Honorary Award

Deborah Kerr^[14]

Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award

Paul Newman^[15]

Films with multiple nominations and awards

The following 16 films had multiple nominations:

Nominations	Film
12	Schindler's List
8	The Piano
8	The Remains of the Day
7	The Fugitive
7	In the Name of the Father
5	The Age of Innocence
5	Philadelphia
3	Cliffhanger
	In the Line of Fire
	Jurassic Park
2	Farewell My Concubine
	The Firm
	Orlando
	Shadowlands
	Sleepless in Seattle
	What's Love Got to Do with It

The following four films received multiple awards:

Awards	Film
7	Schindler's List
3	Jurassic Park
3	The Piano
2	Philadelphia

Presenters and performers

The following individuals, listed in order of appearance, presented awards or performed musical numbers:^[16]^[17]

Presenters

Name(s)	Role
Les Marshak	Announcer for the 66th annual Academy Awards
Arthur Hiller (AMPAS president)	Gave opening remarks welcoming guests to the awards ceremony
Tom Hanks	Presenter of the award for Best Art Direction
Elijah Wood	Presenter of the award for Best Visual Effects
Jeff Bridges	Presenter of the film The Fugitive on the Best Picture segment
Marisa Tomei	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor
Joan Chen Val Kilmer	Presenters of the award for Best Makeup
Liam Neeson	Presenter of the award for Best Sound Effects Editing
Glenn Close	Presenter of the Honorary Academy Award to Deborah Kerr
Rosie O'Donnell	Presenters of the awards for Best Animated Short Film and Best Live Action Short Film
Richard Dreyfuss	Presenter of the film Schindler's List on the Best Picture segment
Nicolas Cage Shirley MacLaine	Presenters of the award for Best Sound
Gene Hackman	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress
Laura Dern	Presenter of the segment of the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award
Johnny Depp	Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Philadelphia"
Alec Baldwin	Presenter of the film The Remains of the Day on the Best Picture segment
Sharon Stone	Presenter of the award Best Costume Design
Nicole Kidman Christian Slater	Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Documentary Feature
Goldie Hawn	Introducer of the special dance number to the tune of the Best Original Score nominees and presenter of the award for Best Original Score
Jack Valenti	Presenter of the "Film cinematography" montage and introducer of presenter Kirk Douglas
Kirk Douglas	Presenter of the award for Best Cinematography
Madeleine Stowe	Presenter of the film The Piano on the Best Picture segment
Tom Cruise	Presenter of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award to Paul Newman
Anthony Hopkins	Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film
Geena Davis	Presenter of the award for Best Film Editing
Antonio Banderas	Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Streets of Philadelphia"
Whitney Houston	Presenter of the award for Best Original Song
Jeremy Irons	Presenters of the awards for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen and Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published
Glenn Close	Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute
Emma Thompson	Presenter of the award for Best Actor
Donald Sutherland	Presenter of the film In the Name of the Father on the Best Picture segment
Al Pacino	Presenter of the award for Best Actress
Clint Eastwood	Presenter of the award for Best Director
Harrison Ford	Presenter of the award for Best Picture

Performers

Name(s)	Role	Performed
Bill Conti	Musical arranger	Orchestral
Bernadette Peters	Performer	"Putting It Together" from Sunday in the Park with George during the opening number
Janet Jackson	Performer	"Again" from Poetic Justice
Neil Young	Performer	"Philadelphia" from Philadelphia
James Ingram Dolly Parton	Performers	"The Day I Fall in Love" from Beethoven's 2nd
Les Ballets Africains National Ballet of Canada Central Ballet of China Cuban National Ballet Dance Theatre of Harlem Garth Fagan Dance Inc. Paris Opera Ballet Shanghai Ballet Troupe^[18]	Performers	Performed dance number synchronized with selections from Best Original Score nominees
Keith Carradine	Performer	"A Wink and a Smile" from Sleepless in Seattle
Bruce Springsteen	Performer	"Streets of Philadelphia" from Philadelphia

Ceremony information

Whoopi Goldberg hosted the 66th Academy Awards.

Due the negative reception received from the preceding year's ceremony, actor Billy Crystal announced that after overseeing four consecutive Oscar ceremonies, he would not be hosting the 1994 telecast.^[19] In a statement released by his publicist, he stated, "After three Grammys, four Oscars and six Comic Reliefs, I'm going to take a break from my hosting duties. I always felt honored to host the show and did my best to carry on the tradition of Bob Hope and Johnny Carson. I hope the new host has as good a time as I did."^[20] With Crystal absent to host the Oscars, many media outlets wondered whom producer Gil Cates would hire to emcee the program. Film columnist Jack Matthews suggested that actor Tom Hanks, who would eventually win Best Actor for Philadelphia, should host the show writing that he "has charm, dignity, wit, intelligence and, it's worth mentioning, he's a movie star!"^[21] Cates also offered the role to performers Steve Martin, Bette Midler, and Johnny Carson, but they all turned down the opportunity.^[21]

After several days of speculation, Cates announced that he hired Oscar-winning actress and comedian Whoopi Goldberg to host the festivities for the first time.^[22] By virtue of her selection, Goldberg became both the first African American to host as well as the first woman to host the telecast solo.^[23] In an interview with the Los Angeles Times, Cates explained the decision to hire her saying, "She is a highly recognizable star who has millions of fans."^[24] He also addressed the media's concerns regarding Goldberg's raunchy and outspoken humor stating, "Some people may think she's potentially dangerous, and she says things that come to her mind. It's going to be exciting for me. The main thing is she wants to do it and she's smart. Whatever she says will be appropriate."^[25] Goldberg expressed that she was thrilled to be selected to emcee the 1994 ceremony commenting, "To go from watching to winning to hosting in one lifetime is major."^[26]

As with previous ceremonies he produced, Cates centered the show around a theme. This year, he christened the show with the theme "People Behind the Camera" commenting that "It will be a salute to those unseen men and women who make what we see on the screen, the artist and craftspeople responsible for the magic of the movies."^[27] In tandem with the theme, the ceremony's opening number featured a montage produced by Chuck Workman saluting the many individuals such as directors, editors, and composers who are involved in moviemaking. During that segment, singer Bernadette Peters performing a modified version of Stephen Sondheim's song "Putting It Together" from his musical Sunday in the Park with George.^[28] Filmmaker and editor Carol A. Streit assembled another montage featuring a salute to the work of cinematographers and their contributions to film.^[29]

Several other people and elements were also involved with the production of the ceremony. Production designer Roy Christopher designed a new stage for the ceremony which prominently featured five giant Oscar statues each flanked inside metal cones that were illuminated recurrently throughout the show.^[30] Film composer and musician Bill Conti served as musical director of the ceremony.^[31] Dancer Debbie Allen choreographed a dancer number showcasing the Best Original Score nominees featuring eight prestigious ballet and dance troupes from around the world.^[18]

Box office performance of nominees

At the time of the nominations announcement on February 9, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees at the US box office was $261 million, with an average of $52.2 million per film.^[32]The Fugitive was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $179 million in domestic box office receipts.^[32] The film was followed by Schindler's List ($29.6 million), The Piano ($25.7 million), The Remains of the Day ($19.5 million), and finally In the Name of the Father ($6.5 million).^[32]

Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 36 nominations went to 14 films on the list. Only The Fugitive (3rd), The Firm (4th), Sleepless in Seattle (6th), In the Line of Fire (7th), Dave (13th), Philadelphia (29th), What's Love Got to Do With It (38th), and The Age of Innocence (49th) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, or Best Picture.^[33] The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Jurassic Park (1st), Mrs. Doubtfire (2nd), Cliffhanger (9th), The Nightmare Before Christmas (24th), Addams Family Values (25th), and Beethoven's 2nd (27th).^[33]

Critical reviews

The show received a positive reception from most media publications. The New York Times film critic Janet Maslin raved that the telecast had "less silliness and less small talk, with more emphasis on cleverly chosen film clips and the bona fide Hollywood magic being celebrated." She also praised host Goldberg saying that she "sustained a tone of levity, which became particularly important as the sweep by Schindler's List threatened to bring out great ponderousness in some quarters."^[34]Pittsburgh Post-Gazette television critic Robert Bianco commended Goldberg's performance writing that "She never acted like she was too smart or to hip for the show she was hosting; she never smirked like there was a joke she alone was cool enough to get." He also extolled producer Cates by commenting, "In place of the extraneous jokes and terrible production numbers, he gave us a theme that worked and a generous selection of clips to back it up."^[35]Anne Thompson of Entertainment Weekly lauded Goldberg by stating, "Her elegant appearance (at least during the first half), her uncharacteristic restraint (she didn't cuss), and her ability to make it funny (despite the very somber speeches) made the ho-hum telecast worth watching."^[36]

Some media outlets were more critical of the show. Television critic Howard Rosenberg of the Los Angeles Times lamented that Goldberg's humor "wilted in a blessedly brief 3-hour-and-18-minute telecast." He also wrote that compared with Billy Crystal, her hosting skills were "balmy".^[37]Orlando Sentinel film critic Jay Boyar bemoaned that "this year's Oscarcast was only a little more exciting than a wine snob droning on about his favorite vintages."^[38] Harold Schindler of The Salt Lake City Tribune remarked that Whoopi's preference for "insider" jokes "left the audience murmuring and most viewers probably scratching their heads." He also added the biggest letdown of the telecast was "Goldberg's seeming ineptness at understanding the moment"^[39]

Ratings and reception

The American telecast on ABC drew in an average of 46.26 million people over its length, which was a 1% increase from the previous year's ceremony.^[40]^[41] However, the show drew lower Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 31.86% of households watching over a 49.28 share.^[42] In addition, it also drew a lower 18–49 demo rating with a 19.73 rating over a 40.53 share among viewers in that demographic.^[42]

In July 1994, the ceremony presentation received seven nominations at the 46th Primetime Emmys.^[43]^[44] Two months later, the ceremony won one of those nominations for Outstanding Technical Direction/Camera/Video for a Miniseries or Special (Averill Perry, Jim Ralston, Kenneth R. Shapiro, Bill Pope, Hector Ramirez, Larry Heider, Dave Levisohn, Blair White, Bill Philben, Ralph Alcocer, Larry Stenman, Bud Holland, David Irete, Tom Geren, Dale Carlson, David Plakos, Ted Ashton, Jeff Mydoc, Chuck Pharis, Jean M. Mason).^[45]

In Memoriam

The annual In Memoriam tribute was presented by actress Glenn Close. The montage featured an excerpt of the main title of Terms of Endearment composed by Michael Gore.^[46]

Lillian Gish

Myrna Loy

Joseph Cotten

Spanky McFarland

Ruby Keeler

Telly Savalas

Melina Mercouri

Cesar Romero

Ted Haworth - Production Designer

Vincent Price

Stewart Granger

Samuel Bronston - Producer

River Phoenix

Raymond Burr

Cantinflas

Alexis Smith

Joseph L. Mankiewicz - Writer/Director

Irene Sharaff - Costume Designer

Helen Hayes

John Candy

Sammy Cahn - Songwriter

Ray Sharkey

Federico Fellini - Writer/Director

Hervé Villechaize

Don Ameche

Audrey Hepburn

Brandon Lee

Dinah Shore

Fred Gwynne

Vincent Gardenia

References

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^ Bianco, Robert (March 22, 1994). "Telecast shines spotlight on movies, not distractions". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Crain Communications. Retrieved December 7, 2013.

^ Thompson, Anne (April 1, 1994). "Oscar's List". Entertainment Weekly. Time Warner. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.

^ Rosenberg, Howard (March 22, 1994). "Calendar Goes to the Oscars : Whoopi, Better Naughty Than Boring : Awards: Goldberg fails to hit a funny bone or stir up any of the controversy that was hyped the week before the telecast. In fact, her hosting is balmy , particularly compared to predecessor Billy Crystal". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2013.

^ Boyar, Jay (March 25, 1994). "Oscar Show's Rating: Plenty Of Class, Not Much Excitement". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.

^ Schindler, Harold (March 23, 1994). "Spielberg shines at Oscars, but all that gliters isn't Goldberg". The Salt Lake City Tribune. MediaNews Group.

^ Johnson, Greg (March 18, 1999). "Call It the Glamour Bowl". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.

^ Gorman, Bill (March 8, 2010). "Academy Awards Averages 41.3 Million Viewers; Most Since 2005". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Media. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010.

^ ^a^b "Academy Awards ratings" (PDF). Television Bureau of Advertising. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 27, 2013.

^ "Primetime Emmy Award database". Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2013.

^ "Emmy Award Nominations 1994 : Nighttime Nominees: A Complete Rundown". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. July 22, 1994. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved December 5, 2013.

^ "The 46th Annual Emmy Awards: Who Won What: The List of Winners on TV's Annual Night of Nights". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. September 12, 1994. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 5, 2013.

^ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 932

Bibliography

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}

Wiley, Mason; Bona, Damien (1996). Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards (5 ed.). New York, United States: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-40053-4. OCLC 779680732

Levy, Emanuel (2003). All About Oscar: The History and Politics of the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8264-1452-4.

Pond, Steve (2005). The Big Show: High Times and Dirty Dealings Backstage at the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Faber and Faber. ISBN 0-571-21193-3.

External links

Official websites

Academy Awards Official website

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Official website

Oscar's Channel at YouTube (run by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)

Analysis

1993 Academy Awards Winners and History Filmsite

Academy Awards, USA: 1994 Internet Movie Database

Other resources

The 66th Annual Academy Awards on IMDb

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[36] Thompson, Anne (April 1, 1994). "Oscar's List". Entertainment Weekly. Time Warner. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.

[37] Rosenberg, Howard (March 22, 1994). "Calendar Goes to the Oscars : Whoopi, Better Naughty Than Boring : Awards: Goldberg fails to hit a funny bone or stir up any of the controversy that was hyped the week before the telecast. In fact, her hosting is balmy , particularly compared to predecessor Billy Crystal". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2013.

[38] Boyar, Jay (March 25, 1994). "Oscar Show's Rating: Plenty Of Class, Not Much Excitement". Orlando Sentinel. Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on January 1, 2014. Retrieved December 31, 2013.

[39] Schindler, Harold (March 23, 1994). "Spielberg shines at Oscars, but all that gliters isn't Goldberg". The Salt Lake City Tribune. MediaNews Group.

[40] Johnson, Greg (March 18, 1999). "Call It the Glamour Bowl". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.

[41] Gorman, Bill (March 8, 2010). "Academy Awards Averages 41.3 Million Viewers; Most Since 2005". TV by the Numbers. Tribune Media. Archived from the original on March 10, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010.

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[43] "Primetime Emmy Award database". Academy of Television Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on September 26, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2013.

[44] "Emmy Award Nominations 1994 : Nighttime Nominees: A Complete Rundown". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. July 22, 1994. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013. Retrieved December 5, 2013.

[45] "The 46th Annual Emmy Awards: Who Won What: The List of Winners on TV's Annual Night of Nights". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Publishing. September 12, 1994. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 5, 2013.

[46] Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 932

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