婆罗门

Multi tool use
婆罗门(英文: Brahmin; 梵語:ब्राह्मण brāhmaṇa)是印度教(婆罗门教)的祭司贵族,属于瓦爾那之一,它主要掌握神权,占卜祸福,垄断文化教育和报道农时季节,主持王室儀典,在社会中地位是最高的。
古印度社会洋溢着浓郁的宗教气氛,祭司被人们仰视如神,称为“婆罗门”。祈祷的咒语具有咒力,咒力增大可以使善人得福,恶人受罚,因此执行祈祷的祭官被称为“婆罗门”。印歐人相信,藉着苦修、祭祀奉献,这一生就可以得到神的保佑和赐福:婆罗门由于掌握神和人的沟通渠道,所以占据了社会上最崇高的地位。
婆罗门由于职责和地位的特殊可享有许多特权。他们可以免交各种税,因为人们认为,婆罗门已经以自己的虔诚行为偿清了这种债务,他们不得被处以死刑或任何类型的肉刑,因为婆罗门是神圣不可侵犯的。向婆罗门赠送礼物的人则得到祝福,他们将在今生或者来世,获得一定的善報。最受欢迎的礼物是土地,它可以“解除赠送者的一切罪孽”。因此婆罗门占有大量地产,常常是整座村莊。
婆羅門多数为素食者,但阿薩姆婆羅門有許多非素食的食物,其中大多是魚、雞、鴿、羊肉和鴨蛋(多数是祭神後的牲礼)。孟加拉的婆羅門吃魚。
除了祭司外,他們也擔任宮廷文士、科學家(星象家、數學家)、教師和公務員。在1950年代以前,婆羅門在政府某些職位領域佔75%。
参考文献
外部链接
維基共享資源中有關婆罗门的多媒體資源
參見
印度教及印度神話
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教義 |
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学派 |
印度哲学
古印度六派哲学
- 数论学派
- 瑜伽学派
- 胜论学派
- 正理论学派
- 吠檀多學派
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體系 |
- 提婆
- 仙人
- 阿修罗
- 羅剎
- 乾闼婆
- 夜叉
- 迦樓羅
- 那伽
- 毕舍遮
- 紧那罗
- 三相神
- 方位護法
- 蘇摩
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神祇 |
- 梵天
- 毗濕奴
- 濕婆
- 因陀羅
- 阿耆尼
- 伐楼拿
- 双马童
- 密多罗
- 伐由
- 閻摩
- 毗首羯磨
- 俱毗羅
- 苏利耶
- 楼陀罗
象头神(迦尼什)
- 室建陀
黑天(奎师那)
- 陀湿多
- 生主
- 祭主仙人
- 特尤斯
- 哈奴曼
辩才天女(萨拉斯瓦蒂)
吉祥天女(拉克什米)
雪山神女(帕尔瓦蒂)
難近母(杜尔迦)
时母(迦梨)
- 恒河女神
- 舍脂
- 广延天女
- 伐楼尼
地天(頗哩提毗)
- 乌莎斯
- 提毗
- 药叉女
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文献經典 |
- 吠陀
- 梵书
- 森林书
- 奥义书
- 薄伽梵歌
- 吠陀支
- 往世书
- 罗摩衍那
- 摩诃婆罗多
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