帝都

Multi tool use

本文介紹的是“帝都”词的解释。關於被在中国大陆互联网上戏称为“帝都”的城市,請見「
北京市」。
帝都,亦稱皇都,是指帝国的正式首都,與行在意義相對,一般是皇帝、皇宮與朝廷所在之地。中國、日本等漢字文化圈國家都有此用法。
秦王政統一中國後定都咸陽(今陝西省咸陽市),自稱始皇帝,因此咸陽也被稱之為帝都。唐代李白詩:「日本晁卿辭帝都,征帆一片繞蓬壺。」李商隱詩:「月色燈山滿帝都,香車寶蓋隘通衢。」以上兩處帝都均指當時國都長安(今西安)。《稱謂雜記》·帝都:「燕王永樂奪其侄,十九載返燕京,以都之。洪熙欲帝都洪武金陵,故以燕京為行在,崩而事已。」
日本在大日本帝國時期,常以帝都來稱呼首都東京,而部分以東京為營業據點的企業,其名稱中也帶有「帝都」一詞,如京王帝都電鐵(今京王電鐵)、帝都高速度交通營團(今東京地下鐵)、帝都自動車交通(此為計程車公司)等。而昔時日本文人時常會有「帝都東京」、「帝都倫敦」(大英帝國首都)、「帝都柏林」(德意志帝國首都)、「帝都维也纳」(奧匈帝國首都)、「帝都君士坦丁堡」(鄂圖曼土耳其帝國首都)等说法。史量才《稱謂雜記》·帝都:「睦仁既知舊都平安京之窒礙不可行,來治幕府江戶,以遷都於舊京師東,稱『帝都東京』,此日本王政復古之稱,實在幕府都城也。」
另外,在中国大陆ACG爱好者口中,帝都是中華人民共和國首都北京的诙谐说法。
参见
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