電子對

Multi tool use
電子對為位於同一分子軌道的一對電子。
根據包立不相容原理、一原子中的電子不能有同一量子數,若電子要留在同一分子軌道中(主量子數、角量子數、磁量子數一致),需改變其自旋量子數。電子為費米子,其自旋為 -1/2 或 +1/2 ,因此一分子軌道中只能有一對電子。
因在同一分子軌道中的電子對自旋方向相反,它們的磁矩會互相抵消。有時侯電子對受到外磁場影響,產生淨磁矩,形成抗磁性現象。
特性
成對的電子較為穩定,但不成對電子也是存在的。
電子對有如下功用:
- 於原子間形成化學鍵
- 作為孤電子對
- 位於原子的核心軌域
此外,即使電子不處於原子軌域中,它們在極低能量的狀態時會因電子間的微小引力而結合,成為庫柏對。
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