Pratt & Whitney J57




"J57" redirects here. For the music artist, see J57 (rapper).









































J57 / JT3C

PRATT & WHITNEY J57.jpg
YJ57-P-3 cut-away demonstrator at USAF Museum
Type
Turbojet

National origin
United States
Manufacturer
Pratt & Whitney
First run
1950

Major applications
Boeing 707
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker
Douglas DC-8
North American F-100 Super Sabre
Vought F-8 Crusader

Number built
 21,170 built

Developed from
Pratt & Whitney XT45
Variants
JT3D/TF33

Developed into
Pratt & Whitney J52/JT8A
Pratt & Whitney J75/JT4A

The Pratt & Whitney J57 (company designation: JT3C) is an axial-flow turbojet engine developed by Pratt & Whitney in the early 1950s. The J57 (first run January 1950[1]) was the first 10,000 lbf (45 kN) thrust class engine in the United States. The J57/JT3C was developed into the J75/JT4A turbojet, JT3D/TF33 turbofan and the PT5/T57 turboprop.[2]




Contents






  • 1 Design and development


  • 2 Variants


  • 3 Applications


  • 4 Engines on display


  • 5 Specifications (J57-P-23)


    • 5.1 General characteristics


    • 5.2 Components


    • 5.3 Performance




  • 6 Specifications (JT3C-7)


    • 6.1 General characteristics


    • 6.2 Components


    • 6.3 Performance




  • 7 See also


  • 8 References


    • 8.1 Notes


    • 8.2 Bibliography




  • 9 External links





Design and development


The J57 was a development of the Pratt & Whitney XT45 (PT4) turboprop engine that was originally intended for the Boeing XB-52. As the B-52 power requirements grew, the design evolved into a turbojet, the JT3.


The J57 used titanium alloys[where?] and the Ti-150 alloy used in the mid 1950s suffered hydrogen embrittlement[3]:412 until the problem was understood.


The prestigious Collier Trophy for 1952 was awarded to Leonard S. Hobbs, Chief Engineer of United Aircraft Corporation, for "designing and producing the P&W J57 turbojet engine".[4]


On May 25, 1953, a J57-powered YF-100A exceeded Mach 1 on its maiden flight. The engine was produced from 1951 to 1965 with a total of 21,170 built.


One XT57 (PT5), a turboprop development of the J57, was installed in the nose of a JC-124C (BuNo 52-1069), and tested in 1956.[5][6]



Variants


Data from:Aircraft Engines of the World 1964/65[7]











Applications




J57s on a B-52D




JT3Cs installed on a Boeing 707-123




Pratt & Whitney JT3 (1/4th scale)


J57 (Military)


  • Boeing B-52 Stratofortress


  • Boeing C-135 Stratolifter and KC-135 Stratotanker

  • Convair F-102 Delta Dagger

  • Convair YB-60

  • Douglas A3D Skywarrior

  • Douglas F4D Skyray

  • Douglas F5D Skylancer

  • Lockheed U-2

  • Martin B-57 Canberra

  • McDonnell F-101 Voodoo

  • North American F-100 Super Sabre

  • Northrop SM-62 Snark

  • Vought F-8 Crusader


JT3C (Civilian)


  • Boeing 707

  • Boeing 720

  • Douglas DC-8


T57 turboprop



  • Douglas JC-124C Globemaster II testbed


  • Douglas C-132 (not built)



Engines on display


  • A J57 cutaway is on display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT.[9]


Specifications (J57-P-23)




Pratt & Whitney J57 turbojet


Data from[citation needed]


General characteristics




  • Type: Afterburning turbojet


  • Length: 244 in (6197.6mm)


  • Diameter: 39 in (990.6mm)


  • Dry weight: 5,175 lb (2,347 kg)


Components



  • Compressor: Two-spool 16-stage axial compressor

Performance




  • Maximum thrust: 11,700 lbf (52.0 kN) dry, 17,200 lbf (76.5 kN) with afterburner


  • Overall pressure ratio: 11.5:1


  • Air mass flow: 165 lb/s (75 kg/s) at maximum power


  • Turbine inlet temperature: 1,600 °F (870 °C)


  • Specific fuel consumption: 2.10 lb/(lbf⋅h) (59 g/(kN⋅s)) with afterburner


  • Thrust-to-weight ratio: 3.32:1 (32.6 N/kg)



Specifications (JT3C-7)


Data from Flight [10]


General characteristics




  • Type: civil turbojet


  • Length: 155in (3937mm)


  • Diameter: 39in (990.6mm)


  • Dry weight: 4200lb (1905kg)


Components




  • Compressor: all-axial, 9-stage LP compressor, 7-stage HP compressor


  • Combustors: cannular, 8 flame tubes


  • Turbine: all-axial, single stage HP turbine, 2-stage LP turbine


Performance




  • Maximum thrust: 12030 lbf (53.5 kN) @ Take-off, SLS, ISA


  • Overall pressure ratio: 12.5:1


  • Air mass flow: 180 lb/s (81.65 kg/s)


  • Specific fuel consumption: 0.785 lb/(h lbf) (22.24 g/(s kN)) @ Take-off, SLS, ISA and 0.909 lb/(h lbf) (25.75g/(s kN)) @Max Cruise 3550 lbf M0.85,35000 ft,ISA


  • Thrust-to-weight ratio: 3.44



See also



Related development



  • Pratt & Whitney J52/JT8A

  • Pratt & Whitney J75/JT4A

  • Pratt & Whitney JT3D/TF33



Comparable engines



  • Rolls-Royce Avon

  • Bristol Olympus


Related lists


  • List of aircraft engines


References



Notes





  1. ^ The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History" Jack Connors, AIAA Inc. 2010, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    ISBN 978-1-60086-711-8, p. 225


  2. ^ Gunston, p.167


  3. ^ "Iroquois" a 1957 Flight article


  4. ^ "Collier Trophy". www.aerofiles.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.


  5. ^ Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 (Putnam, 1979), p.470.


  6. ^ Connors, p.294


  7. ^ Wilkinson, Paul H. (1964). Aircraft engines of the World 1964/65 (19th ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons Ltd.


  8. ^ abcdefgh Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.


  9. ^ http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&layout=edit&id=1059 "Pratt & Whitney J57 (JTC3) Cutaway"


  10. ^ Flightglobal archive - Flight International, 27 November 1953 Retrieved: 04 March 2017




Bibliography


.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}



  • Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.


  • Connors, Jack (2010). The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History. Reston. Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ISBN 978-1-60086-711-8.

  • Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979.
    ISBN 0-370-00050-1.


  • Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.




External links







  • Pratt & Whitney History page on the J57/JT3


  • Pratt & Whitney J57 Turbojet – National Museum of the United States Air Force

  • Photo of C-124 with xT57 in Flight magazine


  • "Two-Spool Turbo-Wasp" a 1953 Flight article on the J57 by Bill Gunston










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