鄭七

Multi tool use
鄭七 |
出生 |
1760年 大清廣東新安
|
逝世 |
1802年(41-42歲) 越南廣安府江坪
|
国籍 |
大清
|
亲属 |
父:鄭連福 母:林秀 子:鄭保養、鄭維豐 養子:何送 |
海盗生涯
|
昵称 |
Cheng Chi |
别名 |
鄭耀煌 |
类型 |
海盗 |
头衔 |
華南海盜首領 大越西山朝總兵 大越西山朝大司馬 |
根据地 |
雷州半島附近 |
鄭七[1](1760年-1802年9月)[2],原名耀煌,因是鄭連福第七子,故而被稱為鄭七。清朝時期廣東新安(今深圳、香港一帶)人,祖籍福建汀州府武平縣(今龍岩市武平縣)華南海盜首領之一,曾被封為越南西山朝總兵。被越南阮朝殺死後,其部眾為了爭奪領導權而發生爭執,後來從弟鄭一繼領其軍。
簡介
其祖先鄭建曾在鄭成功麾下當兵;1661年鄭建經漳州府海澄縣(今漳州市龍海市)來到廣州灣,以漁業為生。鄭建死後,其子孫都成為海盜,曾孫鄭連福、鄭連昌兩人都是新安縣一帶海盜首領。
1788年,鄭七與莫官扶合股,一起歸順投靠為越南西山朝政權效命的陳添保,在越南沿海一帶建立據點。陳添保為他們提供了船隻和武器。在西山朝朝廷的支持下,鄭七、莫官扶、梁文庚、樊文才被封為總兵,在此後每年的陰曆三、四月出洋,洗劫中國清朝轄下的廣東、福建、浙江沿海一帶,直到九、十月返回。
1795年,鄭七與黃大興、陳長發在江坪(在今廣西壯族自治區東興市江平鎮)合夥,自立門戶。鄭七的勢力活躍於廣東、越南海域,其鼎盛時期擁有九股海盜,成為勢力最大的華南海盜。他的部下雄勇善戰,與莫官扶、烏石二(麥有金)、鄭一多次洗劫清朝沿海,甚至攻打官軍據點,成為清朝沿海一帶最大的禍患。
1801年,舊阮君主阮福映進攻西山朝首都富春(今越南順化),西山朝大敗,皇帝阮光纘逃往昇龍(今河內),華南海盜的三位首領莫官扶、梁文庚、樊文才被俘。受此影響,鄭七、烏石二(麥有金)率其屬下部眾被迫離開了越南,回到江坪的巢穴,重新過上打劫過往船隻的生活。在陳添保的力勸之下,鄭七決定回越南向西山朝效忠。翌年鄭七率所部200餘艘船回到北河,覲見阮光纘,獲封為大司馬。同年2月3日,鄭七參加了西山朝圍攻洞海壘(今越南廣平省洞海市)的戰鬥,在日麗海口遭舊阮將領阮文張慘敗。7月20日西山朝滅亡。六周之後,鄭七在江坪的巢穴被阮朝攻破,鄭七被俘,斬首示眾。
鄭七死後,其部眾為了爭奪領導權而發生爭執,後來從弟鄭一繼領其軍。[3]
家族
腳註
^ 鄭七在西方史料中以「Cheng Chi」的名字登場。
^ Pirates of the South China Coast p64
^ 《靖海氛記》上卷
參考資料
Murray, Dian H. Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790-1810. Stanford University Press. 1987. ISBN 0-8047-1376-6.
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