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Mice are the most numerous mammal species used for live animal research. Such research is sometimes described as vivisection. Vivisection (from Latin vivus , meaning 'alive', and sectio , meaning 'cutting') is surgery conducted for experimental purposes on a living organism, typically animals with a central nervous system, to view living internal structure. The word is, more broadly, used as a pejorative [1] catch-all term for experimentation on live animals [2] [3] [4] by organizations opposed to animal experimentation, [5] but the term is rarely used by practicing scientists. [3] [6] Human vivisection, such as live organ harvesting, has been perpetrated as a form of torture. [7] Contents 1 Animal vivisection 1.1 Vivisection and anti-vivisection in the 19th century 1.1.1 François Magendie (1783–1855) 1.1.2 David Ferrier and the Cruelty to Animals Act 1876 2 Human vivisection 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readin

For a list of notable theories, see List of conspiracy theories. For other uses, see Conspiracy theory (disambiguation) and conspiracy. The Eye of Providence, or the all-seeing eye of God, seen here on the US $1 bill, has been taken by some to be evidence of a conspiracy involving the founders of the United States and the Illuminati. [1] A conspiracy theory is an explanation of an event or situation that invokes a conspiracy—generally one involving an illegal or harmful act supposedly carried out by government or other powerful actors—without credible evidence. According to the political scientist Michael Barkun, conspiracy theories rely on the view that the universe is governed by design, and embody three principles: nothing happens by accident, nothing is as it seems, and everything is connected. [2] Another common feature is that conspiracy theories evolve to incorporate whatever evidence exists against them, so that they become, as Barkun writes, a closed system tha