德拉库拉 (小说)

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德古拉
 1897年初版封面
|
作者 |
布拉姆·斯托克
|
原名 |
Dracula
|
出版地 |
倫敦
|
語言 |
英文
|
類型 |
恐怖小說、哥特小说
|
出版商 |
Archibald Constable and Company (UK) |
出版日期 |
1897年5月 |
媒介 |
印刷品(精裝) |
ISBN |
NA |
《德古拉》(Dracula)是爱尔兰作家布拉姆·斯托克(Bram Stoker)于1897年出版的以吸血鬼为题材的哥特式恐怖小说。
这部小说以15世纪时瓦拉几亚(罗马尼亚南部一公国)的领主弗拉德三世为原型创作的。小说中的主人公德古拉有别于以往古代神话和传说中的吸血鬼丑陋、没有智力的动物形象,作者将吸血鬼描绘成文质彬彬、聪明、具有吸引异性魅力,能够控制受害人的思想的绅士。这本小说的成功和流行使得德古拉成为吸血鬼的代名词。这本书和另一本关于吸血鬼的小说《卡蜜拉》一起成为吸血鬼文化的经典小说。
评价
改編
此書曾多次被改編成舞台劇、電影及電視劇。
第一部改編自此小說的電影為無聲黑白電影《吸血鬼》(Nosferatu),在電影業發展初期的1922年發表,導演為F·W·穆瑙。穆瑙因未能獲得授權而須為電影及片中角色名字改名(如主角德古拉則成為Orlok伯爵),但最後仍被斯托克的遺孀起訴他侵犯版權。穆瑙敗訴後,法官命穆瑙毀滅此片所有的拷貝,但卻因盜版的存在而讓此片得以流傳後世。
第一部獲正式授權的電影改編則是1931年的《德古拉》(Dracula),其實是再改編自同名舞台劇,是第一套有聲的吸血鬼電影。德古拉由貝拉·盧古喜(Béla Lugosi)扮演;電影中,他的口音則令到一句相當普通的「我想吸你的血。」(I want to suck your blood.)變作「I vant to suck your blood.」而成為名句。此片大受歡迎,不但拍了不少續集,如《德古拉的女兒》(Dracula's Daughter)及《德古拉的兒子》(Son of Dracula),亦帶起了一陣恐怖片熱。
1958年,英國的咸馬電影製作公司(Hammer Film Productions)不甘人後,發行了《德古拉》(Dracula),這一次德拉庫拉則由克里斯多福·李扮演。此片相當受歡迎,續集亦愈拍愈多,最後共有8套續集,即《德古拉的新娘》(Brides of Dracula)、《德古拉:黑暗王子》(Dracula: Prince of Darkness)、Dracula Has Risen from the Grave、Taste the Blood of Dracula、Scars of Dracula、Dracula AD 1972、The Satanic Rites of Dracula及《七金屍》(The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires),而最後的一套更是與邵氏電影合作。
最近一次改編自此書的大型製作則為1992年的《吸血鬼:真愛不死》(Bram Stoker's Dracula,又譯《吸血殭屍:驚情四百年》),由弗朗西斯·科波拉執導,蓋瑞·歐德曼飾德古拉,其餘主要演員有基努·李維、安東尼·鶴健士及薇諾娜·瑞德等。
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