母語





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阿塞拜疆纳希切万自治共和国母語紀念碑


母語，又称第一語言，為一個人出生以後，最早接觸、學習、並掌握的一種或幾種語言。母語一般是自幼即開始接觸、並持續運用到青少年或之後；並且，一個人所受的家庭或正式教育中，尤其是早期，有相當部分是通過母語傳授的。一個人同時可以擁有多種母語，並且可以使用雙語或多種語言。相較之下，第二語言是任何一種語言，不是一個人的第一語言[1]。




目录






  • 1 定義


  • 2 語言與教育原則


  • 3 參見


  • 4 参考资料


  • 5 外部連結





定義


1951年，联合国教科文组织在法國巴黎召开了一个有关母语的会议，并对母语作出了如下定义：“母语是指一个人自幼习得的语言，通常是其思维与交流的自然工具。”[2]



語言與教育原則


2003年，聯合國教科文組織頒布《多語世界中的教育》（英语：Education in a Multilingual World）文件，該份立場文件涉及語言和教育的關鍵問題，提供了指導綱要和原則，試圖釐清語言與教育有關的政策。文件中提及[3][4][5]：



  • 聯合國教科文組織支持以母語作為教學語言是因為可從老師與學習者熟悉的知識與經驗上提高教學的效率。

  • 母語教學是初等教育以及提升讀寫能力最不可或缺的部分，應該盡可能的擴充母語教學的階段。

  • 聯合國教科文組織支持母語教學。

  • 作為日常生活用語，母語應該優先於官方語言（在官方語言非使用者的母語的前提下）和其他外來語言。



參見



  • 第二語言

  • 國際母語日

  • 母語教學

  • 第三文化小孩

  • 以人口排列的语言列表



参考资料





  1. ^ Bloomfield, Leonard. Language ISBN 81-208-1196-8


  2. ^ Fishman, J.A. (Ed.) Readings in the Sociology of Language. Hague: Mouton, 1968


  3. ^ 陶剑灵. 《多语世界中的教育——一份联合国教科文组织的教育立场文件》. 当代教育与文化. 2012, 5. 


  4. ^ 王偉雄. 香港母語爭議，宋欣橋可以休矣——略論「母語」. 端媒體. 2018-05-05. 


  5. ^ 联合国教科文组织的语言与教育原则. 林连玉基金. 




外部連結


  • Education in a Multilingual World




规范控制


  • GND: 4040962-4

  • NDL: 00576908



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