榜眼
Multi tool use
榜眼是中国、朝鮮、越南科举制度中在殿試中，取得進士第二名的名稱，與第一名状元，第三名探花合稱“三鼎甲”。
榜眼其名始於北宋初年，王禹偁有《送第三人朱嚴先輩從事和州》詩：“貨船東下歷陽湖，榜眼科名釋褐初。”又據《宋史·陳若拙傳》：“若拙，字敏之……太平興國五年，進士甲科……若拙多誕妄，寡學術，當時以第二人及第者為榜眼，若拙素無文，故目為‘瞎榜’云”
元朝人高则诚《琵琶记》中已有榜眼、探花之名。初時第一名稱狀元，第二、三名俱稱為榜眼，一說是明太祖所定[1]；意思是第二、三名分立狀元左右，如其兩眼。[2]榜眼這名稱跟狀元、探花一樣，其實都是社會上習慣使用。在正式發放的金榜之上，只會稱進士一甲第一名，一甲第二名，一甲第三名。
注釋
^ 《明史‧選舉志二》：“﹝殿試﹞分一、二、三甲以為名第之次。一甲止三人，曰狀元、榜眼、探花，賜進士及第。”《陔余丛考》卷二十八：“《明史·选举志》云：制所定也。似谓此三种名目，系明太祖所定。”
^ 趙翼在《陔余叢考‧狀元榜眼探花》中考證：“北宋時第三人亦呼為榜眼。蓋眼必有二，故第二、第三人皆謂之榜眼，其後以第三人為探花，遂專以第二人為榜眼耳。”
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查询維基詞典中的榜眼。 |
hfBtmgs
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