子实层




子实层（hymenium），是子囊菌門與擔子菌門真菌子實層體上的構造。子實體中，最內側的組織為菌髓，其外為子實下層（subhymenium），最外側即為子實層[1]。子實層的部分細胞可發育成担子（英语：basidium）或子囊，並產生有性孢子，其他細胞則發育成侧丝（英语：paraphyses）（子囊菌）或囊状体（英语：cystidia）（担子菌）等非生殖細胞，提供支持、保護等功能[1]，側絲與囊狀體在蕈類的種類鑑別上相當重要，其形狀、細胞核數量與隔膜（英语：sepat）的有無是某些菌类的分類依據[2][3]。


以下為一些担子菌门與子囊菌门真菌的子實層形態。




  • 伞菌（英语：agaric）的子实层位於其菌褶的垂直面。


  • 牛肝菌的子实层位於海绵质的構造上。


  • 尘菌的子实层位於内部。


  • 鬼笔菌的子实层位於内部，呈现时伴有恶臭的胶体。


  • 盘菌的子实层位於盘状子實體的内弧面。


  • 猴头菌的子實層位於齒狀構造的外側。



图像






  • 毒蝇伞的子实层







  • 褐环乳牛肝菌（英语：Suillus luteus）的子实层伴有亮黄色的气孔







  • 巨大的尘菌大秃马勃（英语：Calvatia gigantea）







  • 鬼笔菌的一类白鬼笔







  • 澳洲红盘菌（英语：Sarcoscypha austriaca）







  • 有大量六边孔的大孔多孔菌







参考資料






  1. ^ 1.01.1 O.P. Sharma. Textbook of Fungi. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 1989: 251. ISBN 0074603299. 


  2. ^ David J. McLaughlin, Joseph W. Spatafora. Systematics and Evolution. Springer. 2015: 44. ISBN 3662460114. 


  3. ^ Karl Esser, Paul A. Lemke. The Mycota: A Comprehensive Treatise on Fungi as Experimental Systems for Basic and Applied Research 7. Springer-Verlag. 2001: 135. ISBN 0387580034. 




  • Régis Courtecuisse, Bernard Duhem. Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe. Delachaux & Niestlé. 1994–2000. ISBN 2-603-00953-2. 


外部链接



  • IMA Mycological Glossary: Hymenium

  • IMA Mycological Glossary: Subhymenium


  • APSnet Illustrated Glossary of Plant Pathology: Hymenium Hymenium of an ascomycete, Monilinia fructicola


  • Jack Murphy Mycological Images: Hymenium Hymenium of a basidiomycete, Russula laurocerasi




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