收養

Multi tool use
Multi tool use





Disambig gray.svg  「养父」重定向至此。關於与此名称相似的其他条目，詳見「养父 (消歧义)」。

收養又稱抱養、領養，係指將他人子女收為自己子女，中國古代又稱為螟蛉子，這是由於古人誤以為蜾蠃把螟蛉的幼蟲收養作己子，[1]實際上牠們是用作給自己幼蟲的食物。小说《封神演义》中的雷震子是一个弃婴，被周文王收为螟蛉子，列为文王的百子之末。[2]


法律上，收養是透過法定方式，賦予收養者與被收養者，發生與婚生子女具有相同權利義務的一種身分契約關係。由於收養會將本無真實親子血緣聯絡之人間，以法律規範而擬制雙方具有親子關係，因此收養者與被收養者間又稱為法定血親或擬制血親。


法律文字稱呼收養者為養父母，被收養者則為養子女。


收養之類型，依收養人與被收養者約可分為三種：



  1. 是繼子女(稱為「繼親收養」)，亦即夫妻之一方結婚後，收養他方在前婚關係中之子女，即屬之。

  2. 則是其他本有親屬的身分者(稱為「近親收養」)，指若相互具有近親關係，而收養其子女為自己之養子女之情形。

  3. 則為本來即不具親屬或血緣關係之人，依法定方式，具備相關要件，而成立收養關係者而言。


但都可因為有效的收養行為，而成立法律上之親子關係。至於被收養者之生父母稱為本生父母，而對本生父母而言，將子女被他人收養之情況稱為「出養」子女。一旦子女出養後，與其本生父母之親屬關係即處於暫時停止之狀態，互不負義務，也無法律上之權利，故也互無繼承之資格。



参考资料





  1. ^ 《诗经·小雅·小苑》的诗句“螟蛉有子，蜾蠃负之。”揚雄《法言·學行》：“螟蛉之子殪而逢蜾蠃，祝之曰：‘類我、類我。’久則肖之矣。”


  2. ^ 《封神演义》第二十二回



  • James L. Watson：〈族人与外人：一个中国宗族的收养〉。


參見



  • 結誼

  • 過繼

  • 婿養子

  • 童養媳




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