同形字




同形字又稱重形字，就是寫法（字形）相同的字。




目录






  • 1 定义


  • 2 西方


  • 3 参见


  • 4 注釋





定义


学术界对同形字的定义有争议，但学者的观点大都相似观点如下



  • 张双棣在《在古代汉语知识教程》中指出：“同形字指字形结构相同而表示的却不是一个词，即为不同的词造出形体结构相同的字。

  • 徐勤利在《现代汉字中的同形字》一篇中则认为：“在现代汉语中共同使用，形体相同，但是在意义上或用法上不同，我们称之为‘同形字’。

  • 裘锡圭则在《文字学概要》中提出：“不同的字如果字形相同，就是‘同形字’。”对此他又从同形字的范围进一步划分为广义同形字和狭义同形字。


漢字有三個面向：「形音義」，只要其中一項不同已可視為不同字，例如「生長」之「長」與「長短」之「長」讀音意義皆不同，嚴格來說是兩個字，只是寫法相同，就是重形字。有時原字作他用，如「自」原為「鼻」象形，用作「自己」義後兩字重形，加「畀」為聲符產生分化字或後起字「鼻」。中國大陸推行漢字簡化時產生了大量重形字，如「臘」之簡化字「腊」與原解作小動物整體製成之肉乾之「腊[1]」重形[2]。


此外如「發」、「髮」合併為「发」，「鬆」、「松」合併為「松」，間接變成同形字。


現代電腦字元編碼多數只根據字形編碼，如前述之「長」只會編配一個碼位，有些如 CCCII 則嚴格按照「形音義」原則編碼，如前述之「長」會編配兩個碼位，這樣找尋異體字時會較方便，但亦有「一字多碼」之問題。



西方


在西方文字，由於字源原因有許多同形字，例如西里爾字母的小楷а（U+0430）和拉丁字母、即英文的a（U+0061），在許多字型中都看不出有甚麼不同。於是，入侵者便可用此來欺騙用戶。這稱為同形異義字欺騙。



参见



  • 同形詞

  • 同音字


  • 同義詞

  • 多音字


同形字与多音字的区别与联系



注釋





  1. ^ 音「昔」，也可作動詞


  2. ^ 詹鄞鑫，《漢字說略》，中國：遼寧教育出版社，1991年，ISBN 7-5382-1530-1，第298頁









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