自首與投案

Multi tool use

維基百科的法律內容只供參考,
並不能視作專業意見。任何法律問題應諮詢相關司法管轄權地方的專業法律人員。

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大陸法系刑法
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犯罪论 (二階論、三階論)
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-构成要件-
客体 · 行为(作为 · 不作为) 危害结果 · 因果关系 · 犯罪主体 主观要件(故意 · 過失) 未遂 · 既遂 · 中止 · 预备
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-違法性-
阻卻違法事由
正當防衛 · 緊急避難
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-罪責-
心神喪失 · 精神耗弱
原因自由行為 · 責任能力
期待可能性 · 犯罪意識
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-正犯與共犯-
直接正犯 · 間接正犯
共同正犯 · 共謀共同正犯
教唆犯 · 幫助犯
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-罪數-
想像競合 · 牵连犯 · 连续犯
数罪并罚 · 一罪一罰
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刑罰論
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-法定刑-
死刑 · 無期徒刑
有期徒刑 · 罰金 · 科料
拘役 · 没收
褫奪公權 · 剥夺政治权利
量刑 · 宣告刑
自首 · 减刑 · 缓刑
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-保安處分-
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法律原則
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罪刑法定原則 · 罪責原則 正當法律程序 · 比例原則 信賴保護原則 · 平等原則
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刑事訴訟法 · 刑事政策
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自首是指犯人在犯罪未被發覺前,向該管公務員(如檢察官、警察等具偵查權之人)告知其犯罪,並接受裁判。在中国大陆以及台灣,自首都是法定減刑事由之一。
而投案是指犯罪已被發覺,但不知犯人,或已知犯人時,犯人主動到案,配合偵查並接受裁判。在台灣,投案不是法定減刑事由之一,而在中国大陆,投案是法定减刑事由之一。值得注意的是,“投案”和“自首”可能会被非法律界人士错误使用。
然而如果犯人犯下罪行过重(如恶性谋杀,强奸,抢劫,以及巨额贪污等),即使有自首或投案情节,有时也不会受到任何减刑。例如在中国大陆,有些主动自首或投案的犯下故意杀人罪和贪污罪的嫌犯,也会被处以死刑。
參照
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