卤化银
Multi tool use
卤化银：卤素（氟、氯、溴、碘等）与银元素形成的盐（氟化银、氯化银、溴化银、碘化银等）因为具有相似化学性质而被统称为卤化银。
氟化银（白色粉末，易溶于水）
氯化银（白色沉淀）
溴化银（浅黄色沉淀）
碘化银（黄色沉淀）
由于其高感光性，氯化银和溴化银大量用于摄影技术中。
性质
除碘化银为硫化锌型结构外，其他卤化银都为氯化钠型结构。[1]
卤化银晶体结构
化合物
|
晶格
|
结构类型
|
晶格参数a（Å）
|
AgF
|
fcc
|
NaCl型结构
|
4.936
|
AgCl（角银矿）
|
fcc
|
NaCl型结构
|
5.5491
|
AgBr（溴银矿）
|
fcc
|
NaCl型结构
|
5.7745
|
晶胞结构
|
|
面心立方(fcc)
|
NaCl型结构
|
|
从氟化银到碘化银，卤化银的溶解度逐渐降低，氯化银、溴化银和碘化银都是难溶于水的。它们的溶解度数据列在下表中：[2]
卤化银的溶解度数据
化合物
|
溶解度 (g / 100 g H2O)
|
AgF
|
172
|
AgCl
|
0.00019
|
AgBr
|
0.000014
|
AgI
|
0.000003
|
- 氯化银可以溶于浓盐酸、硫代硫酸钠、氰化物和氨水中（通过生成相应的银配合物）；
- 溴化银可以溶于氢溴酸、硫代硫酸钠、氰化物和氨水中，但溶于氨水的反应比氯化银要慢得多；
- 碘化银可以溶于氢碘酸、硫代硫酸钠和氰化物中。与氨反应时，则生成白色的AgI·2NH3。
- 除了一价的氟化银外，还有一氟化二银和二氟化银存在。
参见
参考资料
^ Glaus, S. and Calzaferri, G. The band structures of the silver halides AgF, AgCl, and AgBr: A comparative study. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 2003, 2: 398–401. doi:10.1039/b211678b.
^ Lide, David R. (ed). (2005) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 86th Edition, The Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., Cleveland.
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