1985 Tour de France































1985 Tour de France

Route of the 1985 Tour de France
Route of the 1985 Tour de France

Race details
Dates 28 June – 21 July
Stages 22 + Prologue, including one split stage
Distance 4,109 km (2,553 mi)
Winning time 113h 24' 23"
Results





































































Winner
 Bernard Hinault (FRA)
(La Vie Claire)
 
Second
 Greg LeMond (USA)
(La Vie Claire)
 
Third
 Stephen Roche (IRE)
(La Redoute)

Points
 Sean Kelly (IRE)
(Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko)

Mountains
 Luis Herrera (COL)
(Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic)

Youth
 Fabio Parra (COL)
(Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic)

Combination
 Greg LeMond (USA)
(La Vie Claire)

Sprints
 Jozef Lieckens (BEL)
(Lotto)
 
Combativity
 Maarten Ducrot (NED)
(Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko)
 
Team
La Vie Claire
 
Team Points
La Vie Claire

← 1984


1986 →


The 1985 Tour de France was the 72nd Tour de France, taking place between 28 June and 21 July, over 4,109 km (2,553 mi) in 22 stages and a prologue.


Bernard Hinault would attempt to equal the records of Jacques Anquetil and Eddy Merckx who had each won the Tour de France five times. Hinault was unable to compete due to tendinitis in 1983. In 1984 Hinault had finished second to Laurent Fignon, and was threatened by Greg LeMond who ended in third position on the final podium. In order to ensure the best support, Hinault's La Vie Claire team recruited LeMond for the 1985 tour. In return for his support, Hinault promised on television that he would support LeMond the following year in the 1986 Tour de France.


Despite crashing on a fast descent and riding with black eyes due to his injuries, Hinault won and publicly again stated his promise to help LeMond the following year.




Contents






  • 1 Teams


  • 2 Pre-race favourites


  • 3 Route and stages


  • 4 Race overview


  • 5 Classification leadership


  • 6 Final standings


    • 6.1 General classification


    • 6.2 Points classification


    • 6.3 Mountains classification


    • 6.4 Young rider classification


    • 6.5 Intermediate sprints classification


    • 6.6 Combination classification


    • 6.7 Team classification


    • 6.8 Team points classification




  • 7 Aftermath


  • 8 References


    • 8.1 Sources




  • 9 External links





Teams


For a more comprehensive list, see List of teams and cyclists in the 1985 Tour de France.

In June 1985, 21 teams had requested to start in the 1985 Tour.[1] Three Italian teams, (Gis, Alpilatte and Malvor) withdrew, so the 1985 Tour started with 18 teams. Each team had 10 cyclists, so the 1985 Tour started with 180 cyclists.[2]


The teams entering the race were:[2]




  • Renault–Elf

  • La Vie Claire

  • Peugeot–Shell–Michelin

  • Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko

  • Reynolds

  • Fagor

  • Hitachi–Splendor–Sunair

  • Panasonic–Raleigh

  • Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic

  • Carrera–Inoxpran

  • La Redoute

  • Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko

  • Zor–Gemeaz Cusin

  • Lotto

  • Verandalux–Dries–Nissan

  • Seat–Orbea

  • Santini

  • Tönissteiner–TW Rock–BASF




Pre-race favourites


Laurent Fignon, the winner of the 1984 Tour de France was injured, and could not defend his title. Riding for the La Vie Claire team, Bernard Hinault, who already had won the Tour de France four times, and finished second in the previous edition, was the main pre-race favourite.[3]


Greg LeMond had finished in third place in 1984 as a team mate of Fignon, and was also considered capable of winning the Tour. LeMond had however changed teams, and was now a team mate of Hinault. There was no clear team leader decided before the Tour; their team decided that they would ride for whoever was showing the best results.[3]



Route and stages


The 1985 Tour de France started on 28 June, and had one rest day, in Villard-de-Lans.[4]

















































































































































































































































Stage characteristics and winners[2][4][5]
Stage
 Date
 Course
 Distance
 Type
 Winner
P
 28 June Plumelec 6 km (3.7 mi) Individual time trial
 Bernard Hinault (FRA)
1
 29 June
Vannes to Lanester
 256 km (159 mi) Plain stage
 Rudy Matthijs (BEL)
2
 30 June
Lorient to Vitre
 242 km (150 mi) Plain stage
 Rudy Matthijs (BEL)
3
 1 July
Vitre to Fougères
 73 km (45 mi) Team time trial
 La Vie Claire
4
 2 July
Fougères to Pont-Audemer
 239 km (149 mi) Plain stage
 Gerrit Solleveld (NED)
5
 3 July
Neufchâtel-en-Bray to Roubaix
 224 km (139 mi) Plain stage with cobblestones
 Henri Manders (NED)
6
 4 July
Roubaix to Reims
 222 km (138 mi) Plain stage
 Francis Castaing (FRA)
7
 5 July
Reims to Nancy
 217 km (135 mi) Plain stage
 Ludwig Wijnants (BEL)
8
 6 July
Sarrebourg to Strasbourg
 75 km (47 mi) Individual time trial
 Bernard Hinault (FRA)
9
 7 July
Strasbourg to Épinal
 174 km (108 mi) Hilly stage
 Maarten Ducrot (NED)
10
 8 July
Épinal to Pontarlier
 204 km (127 mi) Hilly stage
 Jørgen V. Pedersen (DEN)
11
 9 July
Pontarlier to Morzine Avoriaz
 195 km (121 mi) Stage with mountain(s)
 Luis Herrera (COL)
12
 10 July
Morzine Avoriaz to Lans-en-Vercors
 269 km (167 mi) Stage with mountain(s)
 Fabio Parra (COL)
13
 11 July Villard-de-Lans 32 km (20 mi) Individual time trial
 Eric Vanderaerden (BEL)

12 July
Villard-de-Lans
Rest day
14
 13 July
Autrans to Saint-Étienne
 179 km (111 mi) Hilly stage
 Luis Herrera (COL)
15
 14 July
Saint-Étienne to Aurillac
 238 km (148 mi) Plain stage
 Eduardo Chozas (ESP)
16
 15 July
Aurillac to Toulouse
 247 km (153 mi) Plain stage
 Frédéric Vichot (FRA)
17
 16 July
Toulouse to Luz Ardiden
 209 km (130 mi) Stage with mountain(s)
 Pedro Delgado (ESP)
18a
 17 July
Luz-Saint-Sauveur to Aubisque
 53 km (33 mi) Stage with mountain(s)
 Stephen Roche (IRE)
18b
Laruns to Pau
 83 km (52 mi) Stage with mountain(s)
 Régis Simon (FRA)
19
 18 July
Pau to Bordeaux
 203 km (126 mi) Plain stage
 Eric Vanderaerden (BEL)
20
 19 July
Montpon-Ménestérol to Limoges
 225 km (140 mi) Plain stage
 Johan Lammerts (NED)
21
 20 July Lac de Vassivière 46 km (29 mi) Individual time trial
 Greg LeMond (USA)
22
 21 July
Orléans to Paris (Champs-Élysées)		 196 km (122 mi) Plain stage
 Rudy Matthijs (BEL)

Total
 4,109 km (2,553 mi)[6]


Race overview


Main articles: 1985 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11 and 1985 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22




Bernard Hinault (pictured in 1982), winner of the general classification, his fifth


Hinault won the prologue, with LeMond in fifth place. Hinault lost the lead in the next stage to Eric Vanderaerden because of time bonuses, but the relative margin to LeMond stayed the same.[3]


The La Vie Claire team showed that they were dominant by winning the team time trial in stage 3. Vanderaerden kept his lead, but places 2 to 9 in the general classification were taken by riders from the La Vie Claire team, with Hinault in second place and LeMond in fourth place.


In the fourth stage, Kim Andersen from the La Vie Claire team was part of a successful breakaway, and became the new leader.[3]
LeMond collected some time bonuses in the fifth and sixth stage, which put him two seconds ahead of Hinault in the general classification. In the sixth stage, he initially finished fourth, but initial winner Vanderaerden and second-placed Sean Kelly were relegated for not sprinting according to the rules, making Francis Castaing the stage winner.[3]


Hinault was a time trial expert, which he showed in the individual time trial of stage 8. He beat all the other cyclists by more than two minutes, and became the new leader in the general classification. In that time trial, Dietrich Thurau was penalized for drafting to close to another cyclist. At the start of the next stage, Thurau was still angry and attacked a race official, and was removed from the race.[3]


The next challenge for the general classification was in the first mountain stage, stage eleven. Hinault attacked early in the stage, together with Luis Herrera. Herrera was already far behind in the general classification, but was interested in the mountains classification. Hinault and Herrera worked together: Hinault was only interested in the time gains, and Herrera was only interested in reaching the mountain tops first. Herrera won the stage, with Hinault seven seconds back. LeMond had to stay in the next group, because team tactics did not allow him to attack his team mate.[3]


Stage thirteen was run as an individual time trial. Hinault was not so strong anymore, and did not win the stage, but still won time on LeMond, who was now in second place in the general classification, more than five minutes behind Hinault.[3]


In stage fourteen, Herrera attacked early again to win points for the mountain classification. He was followed by a group of eight cyclists, including LeMond but not Hinault. Herrera won the stage, with the LeMond group reaching the finish one minute later. One minute after that, the group with Hinault reached the finish, but less than one kilometer from the finish, Hinault and five other cyclists crashed. The rules of the Tour says that time losses due to crashes in the last kilometer are not counted, but a cyclists has to reach the finish on his own strengths. Hinault, still on the ground, was checked by the Tour doctor for some minutes, but was able to get back on his bike and finish the stage, his face all covered with blood. His nose was broken, and breathing was more difficult than normal.[3]


Hinault survived the next two flat stages, but ran into problems in the seventeenth stage, with the Col d'Aspin, the Col du Tourmalet and Luz Ardiden. On the Tourmalet, Hinault had to let LeMond, Stephen Roche and Pedro Delgado go. Delgado then left on his own, with Roche chasing him, and LeMond staying close to Roche, who was the biggest threat in the general classification. LeMond felt that he was stronger, and asked his team director Paul Koechli permission to attack. Koechli refused that, and told LeMond to stay with Roche. LeMond stayed with Roche while some other cyclists caught up and Herrera and Fabio Parra went clear of the group. At the end of the stage, LeMond finished almost three minutes behind Delgado, with Hinault a further minute behind. In the general classification, Hinault remained in front, with LeMond 2 minutes 25 seconds behind.[3]


LeMond was frustrated after the stage, because he felt that he could have won the stage, and could have led the general classification for a few days. Hinault, who knew that his Tour victory was now certain only because LeMond had been waiting for him, promised that in the next edition, he would help LeMond to win the Tour.[3]


In the remaining stages, Hinaults lead was not seriously challenged. LeMond was able to win the individual time trial in stage 21, his first Tour stage victory.[7]



Classification leadership


There were several classifications in the 1985 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[8]


Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[8] The system for the points classification was changed for the 1987 Tour: in previous years, more points were earned in flat stages than in mountain stages, which gave sprinters an advantage in this classification; in 1984 all stages gave 25 points for the winner.[9]


There was also a mountains classification. The points system for the classification was changed: mountains in the toughest categories gave more points, to reduce the influence of the minor hills on this classification.[9] The organisation had categorized some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[8]


The combination jersey for the combination classification was introduced in 1985.[9] This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications.[10]


Another classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders that rode the Tour for the first time were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.[8]


The sixth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey.[11]


For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that lead this classification wore yellow caps.[12]




































































































































































Classification leadership table[13][14]
Stage
 Stage winner
General classification
Points classification
Mountains classification
Young rider classification
Combination classification
Intermediate sprints classification

 Team classifications

By time
By points
P
Bernard Hinault
Bernard Hinault
Bernard Hinault
Bernard Hinault
Steve Bauer
Bernard Hinault
no award
La Vie Claire
La Vie Claire
1
Rudy Matthijs
Eric Vanderaerden
Eric Vanderaerden
Maarten Ducrot
Eric Vanderaerden
Maarten Ducrot
La Redoute
2
Rudy Matthijs
Eric Vanderaerden
3
La Vie Claire
4
Gerrit Solleveld
Kim Andersen
Adri van der Poel
Kim Andersen
Sean Kelly
Peugeot–Shell–Michelin
5
Henri Manders
Eric Vanderaerden
La Redoute
6
Francis Castaing
Kim Andersen
Peugeot–Shell–Michelin
7
Ludwig Wijnants
Eric Vanderaerden
Panasonic–Raleigh
8
Bernard Hinault
Bernard Hinault
Sean Kelly
Sean Kelly
La Vie Claire
9
Maarten Ducrot
Luis Herrera
Greg LeMond
10
Jørgen V. Pedersen
11
Luis Herrera
12
Fabio Parra
Jozef Lieckens
13
Eric Vanderaerden
14
Luis Herrera
15
Eduardo Chozas
16
Frédéric Vichot
17
Pedro Delgado
Fabio Parra
18a
Stephen Roche
Sean Kelly
18b
Régis Simon
19
Eric Vanderaerden
20
Johan Lammerts
21
Greg LeMond
Greg LeMond
22
Rudy Matthijs
Final
Bernard Hinault
Sean Kelly
Luis Herrera
Fabio Parra
Greg LeMond
Jozef Lieckens
La Vie Claire
La Vie Claire

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  • In stage 21, Greg LeMond wore the technicolor jersey.



Final standings






















Legend

A yellow jersey.
 Denotes the winner of the general classification
A green jersey.
 Denotes the winner of the points classification

A white jersey with red polka dots.
 Denotes the winner of the mountains classification
A white jersey.
 Denotes the winner of the young rider classification

A multi-coloured jersey.
 Denotes the winner of the combination classification
A red jersey.
 Denotes the winner of the intermediate sprints classification


General classification








































































Final general classification (1–10)[2][15][16]
Rank
 Rider
 Team
 Time
1
 Bernard Hinault (FRA) A yellow jersey.
 La Vie Claire 113h 24' 23"
2
 Greg LeMond (USA) A multi-coloured jersey.
 La Vie Claire + 1' 42"
3
 Stephen Roche (IRE)
 La Redoute + 4' 29"
4
 Sean Kelly (IRE) A green jersey.
 Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko + 6' 26"
5
 Phil Anderson (AUS)
 Panasonic–Raleigh + 7' 44"
6
 Pedro Delgado (ESP)
 Seat–Orbea + 11' 53"
7
 Luis Herrera (COL) A white jersey with red polka dots.
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic + 12' 53"
8
 Fabio Parra (COL) A white jersey.
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic + 13' 35"
9
 Eduardo Chozas (ESP)
 Reynolds + 13' 56"
10
 Steve Bauer (CAN)
 La Vie Claire + 14' 57"














































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































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Points classification








































































Final points classification (1–10)[16][15][17]
Rank
 Rider
 Team
 Points
1
 Sean Kelly (IRE) A green jersey.
 Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko 434
2
 Greg LeMond (USA) A multi-coloured jersey.
 La Vie Claire 332
3
 Stephen Roche (IRE)
 La Redoute 279
4
 Bernard Hinault (FRA) A yellow jersey.
 La Vie Claire 266
5
 Eric Vanderaerden (BEL)
 Panasonic–Raleigh 258
6
 Phil Anderson (AUS)
 Panasonic–Raleigh 244
7
 Adri van der Poel (NED)
 Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko 199
8
 Luis Herrera (COL) A white jersey with red polka dots.
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic 195
9
 Benny Van Brabant (BEL)
 Tönissteiner–TW Rock–BASF 192
10
 Pedro Delgado (ESP)
 Seat–Orbea 156





Mountains classification








































































Final mountains classification (1–10)[15][17]
Rank
 Rider
 Team
 Points
1
 Luis Herrera (COL) A white jersey with red polka dots.
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic 440
2
 Pedro Delgado (ESP)
 Seat–Orbea 274
3
 Robert Millar (GBR)
 Peugeot–Shell–Michelin 270
4
 Greg LeMond (USA) A multi-coloured jersey.
 La Vie Claire 214
5
 Reynel Montoya (COL)
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic 190
6
 Bernard Hinault (FRA) A yellow jersey.
 La Vie Claire 165
7
 Claudio Fasolo (ITA)
 Santini 136
8
 Fabio Parra (COL) A white jersey.
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic 133
9
 Stephen Roche (IRE)
 La Redoute 130
10
 Eduardo Chozas (ESP)
 Reynolds 113








Young rider classification










































Young rider classification (1–5)[15][16][17]
Rank
 Rider
 Team
 Time
1
 Fabio Parra (COL) A white jersey.
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic 113h 37' 58"
2
 Eduardo Chozas (ESP)
 Reynolds + 21"
3
 Steve Bauer (CAN)
 La Vie Claire + 1' 22"
4
 Robert Forest (FRA)
 Peugeot–Shell–Michelin + 4' 10"
5
 Álvaro Pino (ESP)
 Zor–Gemeaz Cusin + 8' 00"





Intermediate sprints classification










































Intermediate sprints classification (1–5)[15][17][16]
Rank
 Rider
 Team
 Points
1
 Jozef Lieckens (BEL) A red jersey.
 Lotto 162
2
 Eduardo Chozas (ESP)
 Reynolds 67
3
 Sean Kelly (IRE) A green jersey.
 Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko 59
4
 Steve Bauer (CAN)
 La Vie Claire 54
5
 Greg LeMond (USA) A multi-coloured jersey.
 La Vie Claire 51








Combination classification








































































Final combination classification (1–10)[15][17]
Rank
 Rider
 Team
 Points
1
 Greg LeMond (USA) A multi-coloured jersey.
 La Vie Claire 91
2
 Sean Kelly (IRE) A green jersey.
 Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko 85
3
 Bernard Hinault (FRA) A yellow jersey.
 La Vie Claire 76
4
 Stephen Roche (IRE)
 La Redoute 63
5
 Luis Herrera (COL) A white jersey with red polka dots.
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic 62
6
 Pedro Delgado (ESP)
 Seat–Orbea 60
7
 Eduardo Chozas (ESP)
 Reynolds 57
8
 Kim Andersen (DEN)
 La Vie Claire 56
9
 Steve Bauer (CAN)
 La Vie Claire 51
10
 Adrie van der Poel (NED)
 Kwantum–Decosol–Yoko 47





Team classification





























































Final team classification (1–10)[15][17]
Rank
 Team
 Time
1
 La Vie Claire 340h 21' 09"
2
 Panasonic–Raleigh + 27' 10"
3
 Peugeot–Shell–Michelin + 40' 54"
4
 Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko + 46' 51"
5
 La Redoute + 53' 57"
6
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic + 1h 05' 24"
7
 Reynolds + 1h 11' 28"
8
 Zor–Gemeaz Cusin + 1h 25' 42"
9
 Renault–Elf + 1h 26' 54"
10
 Carrera–Inoxpran + 1h 30' 18"





Team points classification





























































Final team points classification (1–10)[15][17]
Rank
 Team
 Points
1
 La Vie Claire 1.095
2
 Panasonic–Raleigh 1.268
3
 Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko 1.475
4
 Peugeot–Shell–Michelin 1.579
5
 La Redoute 1.727
6
 Lotto 1.802
7
 Hitachi–Splendor–Sunair 1.832
8
 Lotto 1.858
9
 Tönissteiner–TW Rock–BASF 2.461
10
 Renault–Elf 2.471


Aftermath


In previous years, cyclists tied their shoes to their pedals with toe-clips, allowing them to not only push the pedals down but also pull them up. In 1985, Hinault had used clip-ins (clipless pedals), which allowed the shoes to snap into the pedal. His victory in this Tour made these clip-ins popular.[18]


There was some criticism that the time trials were too important. If the time trials would have not counted towards the general classification, the result would have been as follows:[19]





































































Rank
 Name
 Team
 Time gap
1
 Luis Herrera (COL)
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic
2
 Pedro Delgado (ESP)
 Seat–Orbea + 16"
3
 Greg LeMond (USA)
 La Vie Claire + 2' 28"
4
 Fabio Parra (COL)
 Varta–Café de Colombia–Mavic + 2' 52"
5
 Stephen Roche (IRE)
 La Redoute + 4' 22"
6
 Eduardo Chozas (ESP)
 Reynolds + 4' 27"
7
 Sean Kelly (IRE)
 Skil–Sem–Kas–Miko + 4' 32"
8
 Bernard Hinault (FRA)
 La Vie Claire + 4' 47"
9
 Robert Millar (GBR)
 Peugeot–Shell–Michelin + 6' 21"
10
 Peter Winnen (NED)
 Panasonic–Raleigh + 6' 55"

The total length of the time trials reduced from 223 kilometres (139 mi) in 1985 to 180 kilometres (110 mi) in 1986.[20] Tour director Levitan felt after the 1985 Tour de France that the race had been too easy, and made the course in 1986 extra difficult, including more mountain climbs than before.[21]


After every stage, around four cyclists had been selected for the doping controls. None of these cyclists tested positive for doping.[22]



References





  1. ^ "Record-aantal ploegen in Tour". Nieuwsblad van het Noorden (in Dutch). Koninklijke Bibliotheek. 15 June 1985. p. 23. Retrieved 29 December 2013..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ abcd "72ème Tour de France 1985" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2016.


  3. ^ abcdefghijk McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007. Dog Ear Publishering. ISBN 1-59858-608-4. Retrieved 29 April 2012.


  4. ^ ab Augendre 2016, p. 76.


  5. ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCCBike.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2009. Retrieved 26 September 2016.


  6. ^ Augendre 2016, p. 110.


  7. ^ "1985 Tour de France". Bikeraceinfo.com. Retrieved 2 April 2015.


  8. ^ abcd Christian, Sarah (2 July 2009). "Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success". RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2012.


  9. ^ abc "Ruim ton voor winnaar". Het Vrije Volk (in Dutch). Koninklijke Bibliotheek. 28 June 1985. p. 21. Retrieved 29 December 2013.


  10. ^ Mark, Eddy van der. "Tour Xtra: Other Classifications & Awards". Chippewa Valley Cycling Club. Retrieved 27 April 2012.


  11. ^ Mark, Eddy van der. "Tour Xtra: Intermediate Sprints Classification". Chippewa Valley Cycling Club. Retrieved 27 April 2012.


  12. ^ Chauner, David; Halstead, Michael (1990). The Tour de France Complete Book of Cycling. Villard. ISBN 0679729364. Retrieved 27 April 2012.


  13. ^ "Dag na dag" [Day to day]. Gazet van Antwerpen (in Dutch). 22 July 1985. p. 23. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019.


  14. ^ van den Akker, Pieter. "Informatie over de Tour de France van 1985" [Information about the Tour de France from 1985]. TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 2 March 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2019.


  15. ^ abcdefgh "Clasificaciones oficiales". Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 22 July 1985. Retrieved 19 March 2012.


  16. ^ abcd "Tour in cijfers". Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch). 22 July 1985. p. 10 – via Regionaal Archief Leiden.


  17. ^ abcdefg "Tour de France". Het Parool (in Dutch). 22 July 1985. p. 14 – via Delpher.


  18. ^ Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill (2011). Historical Dictionary of Cycling. Historical Dictionaries of Sports. Scarecrow Press. p. 157. ISBN 0810871750.


  19. ^ Nelissen, Jean (22 July 1985). "Hinault populairder dan ooit". Leidsche Courant (in Dutch). Regionaal Archief Leiden. p. 9. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
    [permanent dead link]


  20. ^ "73ème Tour de France 1986" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2013.


  21. ^ "Hinault boos op Tourbaas Levitan". Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch). Regionaal archief Leiden. 9 October 1985. p. 15. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2013.


  22. ^ "Geen nieuws van het dopingfront". Leidsche Courant (in Dutch). Regionaal Archief Leiden. 22 July 1985. p. 22. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
    [permanent dead link]




Sources





  • Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF). Tour de France (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.



External links


Media related to 1985 Tour de France at Wikimedia Commons










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