勢力範圍




勢力範圍是用以描述某一國家對某地區有的控制及影響力的词汇，例如：美國提出門戶開放政策使各國都有機會在中國確立勢力範圍。




清末於门户开放政策前，列強在中國的勢力範圍


當一個國家或地區淪為另一強權的勢力範圍時，通常即表示該國或地區成為強國的附屬國、衛星國，或在事實上成為殖民地。而這些國家或地區也許名義上擁有主權，但其主權實質意義不大。


在冷戰時期，西歐（亦包括北歐、希臘和土耳其）、日本、南韓、台灣、菲律賓及拉丁美洲（除了古巴）通常被認為是在美國的勢力範圍之下。同時期的東歐（除了南斯拉夫和希臘）、朝鲜、古巴、越南、蒙古國、南也门及部份非洲共產主義國家則被認為是在蘇聯的勢力範圍之下。


有時單一國家的不同地區會分屬一個以上的強國勢力範圍。在帝國主義時期，強國勢力的緩衝國，例如伊朗、泰國各自均有一個以上的強國勢力範圍。前者是英國與俄國的緩衝國，後者則介於英國與法國之間，此二國即被帝國的國際聯盟分別劃定勢力範圍。相似的還有在第二次世界大戰後，德國被瓜分為四個佔領區，經過統整，即成為日後的西德與東德，前者是北大西洋公約組織的成員，後者則參與華沙公約。



參見



  • 帝國主義

  • 霸權

  • 军事占领

  • 不平等條約

  • 「生存空間」

  • 傀儡政权

  • 殖民主义

  • 新殖民主义

  • 主权

  • 宗主权

  • 有限主权论




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