優婆塞
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基本教義
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修行位階
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人物
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經籍舉要
阿含經 法句經 大般若经 心經 金剛經 法華經 華嚴經 維摩經 涅槃經 楞伽經 大悲咒 楞嚴經 圆觉经 藥師經 地藏經 阿彌陀經 大智度论 俱舍論 坛经
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佛教主題
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優婆塞（梵語：Upāsaka），又譯烏婆塞、伊蒲塞、優婆婆柯、鄔波索迦[1]，意譯清信士、近事男、近善男、善宿男、善男、信男、信士，指业已皈依佛法僧三寶在家男性佛教信徒，如能遵守在家五戒（不殺生、不偷盜、不邪淫、不妄語、不飲酒），稱持戒優婆塞[2]，为四众或七众之一。對應的女性稱爲優婆夷。在中国常称为居士。
釋迦牟尼佛的弟子耶舍之父為首位優婆塞。
音義
《希麟音义》五曰：“乌波塞迦，旧云优婆塞，新云邬波索迦。邬波，此云近。迦，此云事。索，即男声也。即近事男也。谓亲近承事三宝者故云。”。《玄应音义》二十一曰：“邬波索迦，或言优波娑迦，近侍也，言优婆塞者，讹也。此云近善男，亦云近宿男，谓近三宝而住宿也，或言清信士、善宿男者，义译也。”
注釋與引用
^ 《西域记》九曰：“邬波索迦，唐言近事男，旧曰伊蒲塞，又曰优波塞，皆讹也。”
^
《法蘊論》：「齊何名曰鄔波索迦？謂：諸在家白衣男子，男根成就，歸佛、法、僧，起殷淨心，發誠諦語，自稱：我是鄔波索迦，願尊憶持，慈悲護念，齊是名曰鄔波索迦。此何名為能學一分？謂：前所說鄔波索迦，歸佛、法、僧，發誠言已，唯能離殺，不離餘四，如是名為能學一分。復何名為能學少分？謂：……能離殺、盜，不離餘三，如是名為能學少分。復何名為能學多分？謂：……離殺、盜、婬，不離餘二，如是名為能學多分。復何名為能學滿分？謂：……具能離五，如是名為能學滿分。」
分别说部《舍利弗阿毘曇論》：「齊幾名為優婆塞？若人諸根男相具足，心無錯亂，不為苦所逼，欲作優婆塞，向尊上心，向彼為主，依於捨彼，喜樂彼，……即說三語，口受三教，歸依佛，歸依法，歸依僧，受此三語已，即名優婆塞。……齊幾為持戒優婆塞？若優婆塞，於此五戒中，常持戒，護行、近行，不缺行、不亂行、不濁行、不雜行，隨順戒行，齊是名持戒優婆塞。」
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佛教七众
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比丘 | 比丘尼 | 沙彌 | 沙弥尼 | 式叉摩那 | 優婆塞 | 優婆夷
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