Seventh Army (Ottoman Empire)
































Seventh Army

Mehmed Esad Pasha and his men.jpg
Commander and men of III Corps, 1915

Active 1877–?
August 12, 1917[1] – November 7, 1918[2]
Country
 Ottoman Empire
Size Effectively corps (although named as an army)
Part of Yildirim Army Group
Engagements
Sinai and Palestine Campaign (World War I)
Battle of Megiddo
Commanders
Notable
commanders
Mustafa Kemal (July 5 – October 9, 1917)
Fevzi Çakmak Paşa (October 9, 1917 – August 1918)
Mustafa Kemal (August 7 – November 7, 1918)

The Ottoman Seventh Army was a large military formation of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Although designated as an army, at least by 1918, it was only of corps strength.


The Seventh Army was established in 1877 for service in Arabia and the Yemen.[3] By 1908 it consisted of the 13th and 14th infantry divisions, one cavalry regiment and one artillery regiment[4] and they were involved in combatting insurgent tribesmen in the Yemen.[5]




Contents






  • 1 World War I


    • 1.1 Order of Battle, August 1917


    • 1.2 Order of Battle, January 1918


    • 1.3 Order of Battle, June 1918


    • 1.4 Order of Battle, September 1918




  • 2 After Mudros


    • 2.1 Order of Battle, November 1918




  • 3 References





World War I



Order of Battle, August 1917


In August 1917, the army was structured as follows:[6]


  • Seventh Army, Syria (Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Pasha)


    • III Corps

      • 24th Division, 50th Division



    • XV Corps

      • 19th Division, 20th Division


    • German Asia Corps



In late 1917, commanded by Fevzi Pasha, the Seventh Army was ordered to advanced across the desert in order to bring pressure to bear upon Allenby's inland flank in Palestine. While Allenby attacked the Ottoman Eighth Army, his Australian Mounted Division was sent to hold back the advance of the Seventh Army. The Seventh Army did manage to force the Australians to retreat by several miles but ultimately the Australians held their line. After the British victory in the Battle of Mughar Ridge on 13 November (which did not directly involve the Seventh Army), Fevsi decided to withdraw the Seventh Army to guard Jerusalem.[7]



Order of Battle, January 1918


In January 1918, the army was structured as follows:[8]


  • Seventh Army (Mirliva Mustafa Fevzi Pasha)


    • III Corps

      • 1st Division, 19th Division, 24th Division



    • XV Corps

      • 26th Division, 53rd Division


    • 3rd Cavalry Division

    • German Asia Corps




Order of Battle, June 1918




Mustafa Fevzi Pasha, commander of the Seventh Army in June 1918


In June 1918, the army was structured as follows:[9]


  • Seventh Army (Mirliva Mustafa Fevzi Pasha)


    • III Corps
      • 1st Division, 24th Division, 3rd Cavalry Division



    • XV Corps
      • 26th Division, 53rd Division, 19th Division


    • German Asia Corps




Order of Battle, September 1918


In September 1918, the army was structured as follows:[10]


  • Seventh Army (Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Pasha)


    • III Corps (Miralay İsmet Bey)
      • 1st Division, 11th Division



    • XV Corps (Miralay Ali Fuat Bey)
      • 26th Division, 53rd Division




The Seventh Army was destroyed by British aerial bombardment during its retreat from Nablus on 21 September 1918.[11]



After Mudros



Order of Battle, November 1918


In November 1918, the army was structured as follows:[12]


  • Seventh Army (Mirliva Ali Fuat Pasha, deputy)


    • III Corps
      • 11th Division, 24th Division



    • XX Corps
      • 1st Division, 43rd Division





References





  1. ^ David Nicolle, colour plates by Rafaelle Ruggeri, The Ottoman Army 1914-18, Men-at-Arms 269, Ospray Publishing Ltd., 1994, .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
    ISBN 1-85532-412-1, p. 15.


  2. ^ Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918-1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001,
    ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 30. (in Turkish)


  3. ^ Erickson, Edward J (2003). Defeat in detail: the Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 6. ISBN 0-275-97888-5.


  4. ^ Erickson, Edward J (2003). Defeat in detail: the Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 17. ISBN 0-275-97888-5.


  5. ^ Erickson, Edward J (2003). Defeat in detail: the Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 19. ISBN 0-275-97888-5.


  6. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170.


  7. ^ http://www.firstworldwar.com/battles/mugharridge.htm


  8. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 181.


  9. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 188.


  10. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 197.


  11. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-10-12. Retrieved 2012-10-29.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)


  12. ^ Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001,
    ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.










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