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Wolfgang Rihm in Cologne, June 2007

Wolfgang Rihm (born 13 March 1952) is a German composer.

Rihm is musical director of the Institute of New Music and Media at the University of Music Karlsruhe and has been composer in residence at the Lucerne Festival and the Salzburg Festival. He was honoured as Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 2001.

Career

Rihm was born in Karlsruhe, Germany. He finished both his school and his studies in music theory (with Hans H. Eggebrecht) in 1972, two years before the premiere of his early work Morphonie at the 1974 Donaueschingen Festival launched his career as a prominent figure in the European new music scene. Rihm's early work, combining contemporary techniques with the emotional volatility of Mahler and of Schoenberg's early expressionist period, was regarded by many as a revolt against the avant-garde generation of Boulez, Stockhausen (with whom he studied in 1972–73), and others, and led to a large number of commissions in the following years. In the late 1970s and early 1980s his name was associated with the movement called New Simplicity. His work still continues to plough expressionist furrows, though the influence of Luigi Nono, Helmut Lachenmann and Morton Feldman, amongst others, has affected his style significantly.

Rihm is an extremely prolific composer, with hundreds of completed scores, a large portion of which are yet to be commercially recorded. (See the List of the compositions of Wolfgang Rihm, in German, or the IRCAM works list, in French). He does not always regard a finished work the last word on a subject—for example the orchestral work Ins Offene... (1990) was completely rewritten in 1992, and then used as the basis for his piano concerto Sphere (1994), before the piano part of Sphere was recast for the solo piano work Nachstudie (also 1994). (In 2002 Rihm also produced a new version of Nachstudie, Sphäre nach Studie, for harp, two double basses, piano and percussion, and also a new version of Sphere, called Sphäre um Sphäre, for two pianos and chamber ensemble.) Other important works include thirteen string quartets, the operas Die Hamletmaschine (1983–1986, text by Heiner Müller) and Die Eroberung von Mexico (1987–1991, based on texts by Antonin Artaud), over twenty song-cycles, the oratorio Deus Passus (1999–2000) commissioned by the Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart, the chamber orchestra piece Jagden und Formen (1995–2001), more than thirty concertos and a series of related orchestral works bearing the title Vers une symphonie fleuve. The New York Philharmonic premièred Rihm's 2004 commission Two Other Movements. In 2008 Rihm composed KOLONOS | 2 Fragments by Hölderlin after Sophokles for orchestra and countertenor, premiered in Bad Wildbad with the countertenor Matthias Rexroth.^[1][2]

Invited by Walter Fink, he was the fifth composer featured in the annual Komponistenporträt of the Rheingau Musik Festival in 1995, in two programs of chamber music and Lied, also of Robert Schumann, including his works Fremde Szene I for piano trio, Vier Lieder after poems of Paul Celan, Klavierstück 7, Klavierstück 6, Das Rot, six songs after poems of Karoline von Günderrode, Antlitz for violin and piano, and Fremde Szene III. In 1995 he contributed Communio (Lux aeterna) to the Requiem of Reconciliation. In 2003 he received the Ernst von Siemens Music Prize.

In March 2010 the BBC Symphony Orchestra featured the music of Rihm in one of their 'total immersion' weekends at the Barbican Centre, London. Recordings from this weekend were used for three 'Hear and Now' programmes on BBC Radio 3 dedicated to his work.^[3] On 27 July 2010, Rihm's latest opera, Dionysos, based on Nietzsche’s late cycle of poems Dionysian-Dithyrambs, had its world premiere at the Salzburg Festival, conducted by Ingo Metzmacher, and designed by Jonathan Meese.^[4] This performance was voted World Premiere of the Year (Uraufführung des Jahres) for 2010/11 by Opernwelt magazine.^[5] He revised his Gegenstück (2006) for bass saxophone, percussion and piano, premiered by Trio Accanto on 16 August 2010 to celebrate the 80th birthday of Walter Fink.^[6]Anne-Sophie Mutter premiered his violin concerto Lichtes Spiel (Light Games) in Avery Fisher Hall with the New York Philharmonic on 18 November 2010.^[7]

Selected list of works

Stage works

• Dionysos


• Die Eroberung von Mexico


• Die Hamletmaschine


• Jakob Lenz


• Faust und Yorick


• Oedipus

Orchestral works

• 
  Form / 2 Formen (second state)


• 
  Gejagte Form (first version)


• 
  Gejagte Form (second version)


• 
  IN-SCHRIFT (1995)


• Jagden und Formen


• 
  Jagden und Formen (state 2008)


• Symphony No. 1, Op. 3


• Symphony No. 2 (first and last movement)


• 
  Sub-Kontur for large orchestra


• Vers une symphonie fleuve I–IV


• 
  IN-SCHRIFT 2 (2013)

Concertante

• Violin
  
  
  
  • Gesungene Zeit
  
  
  • Lichtes Spiel
  
  
  • COLL'ARCO
  
  
  
  


• Viola
  
  
  
  • Concerto for Viola and Orchestra
  
  
  • Concerto for Viola and Orchestra No. 2
  
  
  
  


• Violoncello
  
  
  
  • Konzert in einem Satz
  
  
  • Monodram
  
  
  • Styx und Lethe
  
  
  
  


• String quartet
  
  • ”CONCERTO”
  
  


• Clarinet
  
  • Musik für Klarinette und Orchester
  
  


• Oboe
  
  • Musik für Oboe und Orchester
  
  


• Bassoon
  
  • Psalmus
  
  


• Trumpet
  
  
  
  • Gebild
  
  
  • Marsyas, Rhapsodie für Trompete mit Schlagzeug und Orchester
  
  
  
  


• Trombone
  
  • Canzona per sonare
  
  


• Piano
  
  • Sphere
  
  


• Harp
  
  • Die Stücke des Sängers
  
  


• Organ
  
  • Unbenannt IV
  
  

String quartet

• Grave


• Quartettstudie


• String Quartet No. 1


• String Quartet No. 2


• String Quartet No. 3


• String Quartet No. 4


• String Quartet No. 5


• String Quartet No. 6


• String Quartet No. 7


• String Quartet No. 8


• String Quartet No. 9


• String Quartet No. 10


• String Quartet No. 11


• String Quartet No. 12


• String Quartet No. 13

Vocal works

• Voice and orchestra
  
  
  
  • Fünf Abgesangsszenen
  
  
  • Drei späte Gedichte von Heiner Müller
  
  
  • Ernster Gesang mit Lied
  
  
  • Frau / Stimme
  
  
  • Hölderlin-Fragmente
  
  
  • Lenz-Fragmente
  
  
  • Penthesilea Monolog
  
  
  • Rilke: Vier Gedichte
  
  
  
  

Voice and piano

• 
  Gesänge, Op. 1 (1968–71)
  
  
  
  • "Untergang" (Georg Trakl)
  
  
  • "Geistliche Dämmerung" (Trakl)
  
  
  • "Hälfte des Lebens" (Friedrich Hölderlin)
  
  
  • "Hochsommerbann" (Oskar Loerke)
  
  
  • "Abend" (August Stramm)
  
  
  • "Patrouille" (Stramm)
  
  
  • "Kriegsgrab" (Stramm)
  
  
  • "Sturmangriff" (Stramm)
  
  
  • "Lied" (Stefan George)
  
  
  • "Frühling" (Franz Büchler)
  
  
  • "Verzweifelt (Stramm)
    
  
  
  • "Robespierre" (Georg Heym)
  
  
  • "Vorfrühling" (Reiner Maria Rilke)
  
  
  
  


• 
  Vier Gedichte aus „Atemwende“ (Paul Celan) (1973)


• 
  Alexanderlieder (1975/76) for Mezzo-soprano, Baritone & 2 Pianos. (Ernst Herbeck)


• 
  Hölderlin-Fragmente (1976/77) piano version


• 
  Neue Alexanderlieder (1979) (Herbeck) for baritone


• 
  Lenz-Fragmente (1980) for tenor


• 
  Wölfli-Liederbuch (1980/81) bass-baritone & piano, with optional episodes for 2 bass drums (orch. version 1982)


• 
  Das Rot (Karoline von Gunderrode) (1990)


• 
  Vier Gedichte von Peter Härtling (1993)


• 
  Drei Gedichte von Monique Thoné (1997)


• 
  Apokryph (1997) (deathbed words attributed to Georg Büchner
  


• 
  Nebendraußen (1998) (Hermann Lenz)


• 
  Ende der Handschrift. Elf späte Gedichte von Heiner Müller (1999)


• 
  Rilke: 4 Gedichte (2000)


• 
  Sechs Gedichte von Friedrich Nietzsche (2001)


• 
  Lavant-Gesänge (2000–01). Fünf Gedichte von Christine Lavant
  


• Brentano-Phantasie (2002) (Clemens Brentano)
  


• 
  Eins und doppelt (2004). Fünf Lieder aus dem Zwielicht, für Bariton und Klavier.
  
  
  
  • Abendempfindung (Arnim)
  
  
  • Gingo biloba (Goethe)
  
  
  • Dämmrung senkte sich von oben (Goethe)
  
  
  • Ausgang (Fontane)
  
  
  • Worte sind der Seele Bild (Goethe)
  
  
  
  


• 
  Drei Hölderlin-Gedichte (2004)


• 
  2 Sprüche (2005) (Friedrich Schiller)


• Heine zu „Seraphine“ (2006). Sieben Gedichte von Heinrich Heine

Choral works

• Choir a cappella
  
  • Sieben Passions-Texte
  
  


• Choir with orchestra or ensemble
  
  
  
  • Astralis
  
  
  • 
    Et Lux (2015 ECM Records)
  
  
  • Vigilia
  
  
  
  

Solo instruments

• Über die Linie (violoncello)


• Über die Linie VII (violin)

Piano solo

• Auf einem anderen Blatt


• Brahmsliebewalzer


• Klavierstücke nos. 1–7 1970–80


• Ländler 1979


• Nachstudie


• 
  Zwiesprache 1999

Organ solo

• Drei Fantasien

Writings

• 
  Rihm, Wolfgang (1997). Mosch, Ulrich, ed. Ausgesprochen: Schriften und Gespräche (in German). Winterthur: Amadeus Verlag. ISBN 3-7957-0395-6..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
  

References

Further reading

• Baker, Robert A. (2016). "The Hunt for Form in Wolfgang Rihm's Ninth String Quartet, 'Quartettsatz'". Perspectives of New Music 54, no. 1 (Winter): 197–244.

External links

• 
  Literature by and about Wolfgang Rihm in the German National Library catalogue


• 
  Wolfgang Rihm on The Living Composers Project, worklist


• 
  Wolfgang Rihm on the Universal Edition website


• 
  Interview with Rihm Ensemble Sospeso, New York


• 
  A Nietzschean Plunge Into Sensual Labyrinths Anthony Tommasini in The New York Times, 1 August 2010


• 
  "Wolfgang Rihm biography" (in French). IRCAM.