前臼齒




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前臼齒

Gray1003.png
人類恆齒右視圖


Gray997.png
人類右下牙弓恆齒俯視圖

细节
拉丁语
dentes premolares
识别标示
Gray's
p.1118
TA（英语：Terminologia Anatomica）
A05.1.03.006
FMA
FMA:55637

解剖学术语（英语：Anatomical terminology）

前臼齒（英语：Premolar），又稱雙尖牙、前磨牙、小臼齒，為位於犬齒及大臼齒之間的牙齒。人類的恆齒中，每個象限均有 2 顆前臼齒，口中共有 8 顆[1][2][3]，每顆前臼齒上至少有兩個牙尖（英语：Cusp_(anatomy)）。前臼齒的主要功能為用以磨碎及咬嚼食物，兼具前方犬齒與後方臼齒的功能。




目录






  • 1 人類解剖學


  • 2 其他哺乳動物


  • 3 圖片


  • 4 參見


  • 5 參考文獻





人類解剖學


人類的前臼齒為上頜第一前臼齒（英语：maxillary first premolar）、上頜第二前臼齒（英语：maxillary first premolar）、下頜第一前臼齒（英语：maxillary first premolar）與下頜第二前臼齒（英语：maxillary first premolar）[1][3]。前臼齒定義上為位於前齒與大臼齒之間的恆齒[4]。



其他哺乳動物


原始的真獸下綱每個象限具有 4 顆前臼齒，但狹鼻小目（包含舊世界猴與猿，也包括人類）的前 2 顆前臼齒多已退化。因此人類的前臼齒被稱為 Pm3 與 Pm4[5][6]。



圖片


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成年人口內前臼齒（橘色）的所在位置 




成年人口內構造 




成年人左上頜外視圖 




成年人顱骨內視圖 



參見



  • 門齒

  • 犬齒

  • 大臼齒



參考文獻





  1. ^ 1.01.1 Roger Warwick & Peter L. Williams (编), Gray's Anatomy 35th, London: Longman: 1218–1220, 1973 


  2. ^ Weiss, M.L., & Mann, A.E, Human Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective 4th, Boston: Little Brown: 132–135, 198–199, 1985, ISBN 978-0-673-39013-4 


  3. ^ 3.03.1 Glanze, W.D., Anderson, K.N., & Anderson, L.E (编), Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary 3rd, St. Louis, Missouri: The C.V. Mosby Co.: 957, 1990, ISBN 978-0-8016-3227-3 


  4. ^ Warwick, R., & Williams, P.L. (1973), pp.1218-1219.


  5. ^ Christopher Dean. Jaws and teeth. (编) Steve Jones, Robert Martin & David Pilbeam (eds.). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1994: 56–59. ISBN 978-0-521-32370-3.  Also ISBN 0-521-46786-1 (paperback)


  6. ^ Gentry Steele and Claud Bramblett. The Anatomy and Biology of the Human Skeleton. 1988: 82. ISBN 9780890963265. 









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