鰭足類












































鳍足类
化石时期：晚漸新世－現代

Harbour seal.jpg

港海豹 Phoca vitulina

科学分类 编辑
界：
动物界 Animalia
门：
脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：
哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：
食肉目 Carnivora
亚目：
犬型亚目 Caniformia
下目：
熊型下目 Arctoidea
演化支：
鳍足形类 Pinnipedimorpha
演化支：
鳍足类 Pinnipedia
Illiger, 1811[1]

科



  • †海熊獸科 Enaliarctidae


  • 海獅總科 Otarioidea


    • 海獅科 Otariidae


    • 海象科 Odobenidae




  • 海豹總科 Phocoidea


    • 海豹科 Phocidae


    • †皮海豹科 Desmatophocidae






鰭足類（学名：Pinnipedia），是分類為鳍足亚目、鳍脚亚目或鳍足目的動物。「鳍足」是源自拉丁文，意思是「长着像鳍一样的脚」。这一类的动物身体成纺锤形，四肢为鳍状，高度适应水中的生活。全世界总共大约有两千万只鳍足动物。



演化




海狮科动物（上图）与海豹科动物（下图）骨骼的区别


鳍足类动物起源于3000万年前亚北极地区适应淡水湖泊生活的熊超科陆生食肉兽。鳍足类动物后来发展出两个分支，一支是有耳廓的海狮类和海象类，另一支是没有耳廓的海豹类。



分类


鳍足类动物到底作为一个目与食肉目并列，还是作为食肉目下的一个亚目，多年以来一直有争议。鳍足类动物与其它食肉目动物相比在形态和生活方式的确不同。但因为最早的鳍足类动物的化石是中新世时期，而哺乳纲其他各目最晚出现在始新世，这也成为不能成立鳍足目的原因。




  • 海獅科 Otariidae


    • 海狗亞科 Arctocephalinae


      • 北海狗属

        • 北海狗 Callorhinus ursinus



      • 南海狗属


        • 南極海狗 Arctocephalus gazella


        • 瓜達盧佩海狗 Arctocephalus townsendi


        • 璜費南德茲島海狗 Arctocephalus philippii


        • 加拉巴哥海狗 Arctocephalus galapagoensis


        • 南非海狗 Arctocephalus pusillus


        • 紐西蘭海狗 Arctocephalus forsteri


        • 亞南極海狗 Arctocephalus tropicalis


        • 南美海狗 Arctocephalus australis






    • 海獅亞科 Otariinae


      • 北海獅 Eumetopias jubatus


      • 加州海獅 Zalophus californianus


      • 南美海獅 Otaria flavescens


      • 澳洲海獅 Neophoca cinerea


      • 紐西蘭海獅 Phocarctos hookeri

      • 加拉帕戈斯海狮


      • 日本海狮（已灭绝）






  • 海豹科 Phocidae


    • 僧海豹亞科 Monachinae


      • 夏威夷僧海豹 Monachus schauinslandi


      • 地中海僧海豹 Monachus monachus


      • 西印度僧海豹 Monachus tropicalis （可能已在1950年代絕種）


      • 加勒比僧海豹（已灭绝）


      • 北象海豹 Mirounga angustirostris


      • 南象海豹 Mirounga leonina


      • 羅氏海豹 Ommatophoca rossi


      • 食蟹海豹 Lobodon carcinophagus


      • 豹海豹 Hydrurga leptonyx


      • 威氏海豹 Leptonychotes weddellii




    • 海豹亞科 Phocinae


      • 髭海豹 Erignathus barbatus


      • 冠海豹 Cystophora cristata


      • 港海豹 Phoca vitulina


      • 斑海豹 Phoca largha


      • 環斑海豹 Phoca hispida


      • 貝加爾湖海豹 Phoca sibirica


      • 裏海豹 Phoca caspica


      • 琴海豹 Phoca groenlandica （或 Pagophilus groenlandicus）


      • 環海豹 Phoca fasciata


      • 灰海豹 Halichoerus grypus

      • 带纹海豹






  • 海象科 Odobenidae

    • 海象

      • 拉普捷夫海象

      • 太平洋海象

      • 大西洋海象









维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：鳍足亚目




规范控制


  • GND: 4135831-4

  • NDL: 00563246



  1. ^ Illiger, J. K. W. Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium. Sumptibus C. Salfeld. 1811: 138–39 （拉丁语）. 




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