全浊声母

Multi tool use
全浊声母指中古汉语的浊塞音、浊塞擦音和浊擦音声母。
在韵图里,全浊声母包括並母、奉母、定母、澄母、从母、邪母、床母、禅母、群母和匣母。参见三十六字母。
各語言保存状况
中古以後,多数由古漢語演變而來的現代漢語族語言全浊声母都演變成了對應的清声母。全浊声母的清化有以下三种主要的模式:
- 平声演变为送气清音,仄声演变为不送气清音,即“平送仄收”模式。(官话、粤语的某些方言如粵海方言、邕潯方言等)
- 全部或大部分变成对应发音部位的送气清音。(赣语、客家语、粵語的吳化方言、徽语的安徽境内部分、江淮官话的通泰片等)
- 全部或大部分演变为对应部位的不送气清音。(新湘语、晋语的并州片、粵語的勾漏方言等、吴语西北边缘地带的方言、闽语大部等)
吴语、老湘语、部分闽北语方言(与吴语交界地带)、少数赣语(吴湘“浊音走廊”)及西南官话黔北片湘西部分点保留全浊声母。其中,赣语浊音走廊部分地区次清读入全浊,从而在功能上失去了全浊的独立性;此外,闽南语将次浊读如全浊以及其余个别汉语方言点也有非全浊来源的浊塞音,使得全浊不再可仅通过分析。
日语汉字音中的吴音系统也保留古汉语的清浊对立。汉音系统则基本清化(日语清音无送气与不送气的分别)。而唐音也相當程度保留了全濁聲母。
朝鲜汉字音不保留清浊对立,全浊声母清化後主要派入不送气清音,但較不嚴格。
越南语汉字音(汉越语)部分保留中古汉语的清浊对立,规则比较复杂。
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