衝繁疲難




「衝、繁、疲、難」是区分中国清代和越南阮朝的府、州、厅、县的不同等次的考语。考语字数越多，地位就越重要。一般以四字俱全者为“最要缺”，三字者（衝繁难、衝疲难、繁疲难）为“要缺”，二字者（衝繁、繁难、繁疲、疲难、衝难、衝疲）为“中缺”、一字或无字者为“简缺”。




目录






  • 1 由來


  • 2 例


    • 2.1 最要


    • 2.2 要


    • 2.3 中


    • 2.4 簡




  • 3 参考文献


  • 4 外部連結





由來


清顺治年間，襲明調繁、簡之制，析各州、縣缺為三等。選吏之時，考其身、言、書、判，量力授缺，是以為差。


當是時，選調補之事，蓋由吏部掣簽以決。是以政務繁雜之缺，少有以賢臣補者。時人多病之。


雍正六年，廣西布政使[來源請求]金鉷奏請州縣分衝、繁、疲、難四項，允許督撫量才奏補。建議獲得接納。這四項代表的意思如下：



  • 衝者，地當孔道也。

  • 繁者，政務紛紜也。

  • 疲者，賦多逋欠也。

  • 難者，民刁俗悍也。


「衝、繁、疲、難」中，四項俱全者為最要，兼三項者為要缺，兼二項者為中缺，其餘從簡缺。



例



最要



  • 保定府，天津府

  • 通州，静海縣



要



  • 大名府，衝、繁、難

  • 遵化直隸州，衝、繁、難

  • 東明縣，繁、疲、難

  • 東光縣，繁、疲、難



中



  • 正定府，衝、繁

  • 赤峰直隸州，繁、難

  • 新樂縣，衝、疲

  • 鉅鹿縣，疲、難



簡



  • 順德府，衝

  • 廣平府，簡

  • 深州直隸州，簡

  • 鹽山縣，繁

  • 清河縣，簡



参考文献


  • 《清史稿》


外部連結








-

Popular posts from this blog

Lambaréné

Image
Place in Moyen-Ogooué, Gabon Lambaréné Street in Lambaréné Lambaréné Location in Gabon Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E  /  0.68833°S 10.23194°E  / -0.68833; 10.23194 Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E  /  0.68833°S 10.23194°E  / -0.68833; 10.23194 Country   Gabon Province Moyen-Ogooué Population (2013 census)  • Total 38,775 Lambaréné is a town and the capital of Moyen-Ogooué in Gabon. With a population of 38,775 as of 2013, it is located 75 kilometres south of the equator. Lambaréné is based in the Central African Rainforest at the river Ogooué. This river divides the city into 3 districts: Rive Gauche, Ile Lambaréné and Rive Droite. The Albert Schweitzer Hospital and the districts Adouma and Abongo are located on Rive Droite. The districts Atongowanga, Sahoty, Dakar, Grand Village, Château, Lalala and Bordamur build the Ile Lambaréné. The majority of the people in Lambaréné live in the district Isaac located on Rive Gauche. This distr
Read more

Chris Pine

Image
Not to be confused with Christopher Pyne or Chris Pyne. Chris Pine Pine in 2018 Born Christopher Whitelaw Pine ( 1980-08-26 ) August 26, 1980 (age 38) Los Angeles, California, U.S. Alma mater UC Berkeley Occupation Actor Years active 2003–present Parent(s) Robert Pine Gwynne Gilford Relatives Anne Gwynne (grandmother) Christopher Whitelaw Pine (born August 26, 1980) [1] [2] is an American actor. Pine made his feature debut as Lord Devereaux in The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004). He is known for playing James T. Kirk in the Star Trek reboot film series (2009–2016), Will in Unstoppable (2010), Cinderella's Prince in Into the Woods (2014), Jack Ryan in Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014), Toby Howard in Hell or High Water (2016), Bernie Webber in The Finest Hours (2016), Steve Trevor in Wonder Woman (2017), and Dr. Alexander Murry in A Wrinkle in Time (2018). Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 2003–200
Read more

Kashihara Line

Image
Kashihara Line   B   A Kashihara Line train passing Yakushi-ji temple Overview Native name 橿原線 Type Commuter rail System Kintetsu Railway Locale Nara, Nara, Japan Yamtokoriyama, Nara, Japan Tenri, Nara, Japan Kawanishi, Nara, Japan Miyake, Nara, Japan Tawaramoto, Nara, Japan Kashihara , Nara, Japan Termini Yamato-Saidaiji Kashiharajingu-mae Stations 17 Operation Opened April 1, 1921 ; 98 years ago  ( 1921-04-01 ) Owner Kintetsu Railway Character Commuter rail Technical Line length 23.8 km (14.8 mi) Track gauge 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8   1 ⁄ 2  in ) Minimum radius 240 m Electrification 1,500 V DC Overhead lines Operating speed 100 km/h (60 mph) [1] The Kashihara Line ( 橿原線 , Kashihara-sen ) is a 23.8 km (14.8 mi) north-south bound railway line in Nara Prefecture, Japan, owned and operated by the Kintetsu Railway, a private railway operator. It connects Yamato-Saidaiji Station and Kashiharajingu
Read more