菌盖




菌盖是真菌子实体上部的伞状部分。它是伞菌（英语：Agaric）、牛肝菌以及部分多孔菌、齿菌（英语：tooth fungi）和子囊果所独有的特征。其他孢子果类型的菌盖与子实体的其余部分难以区分。带有菌盖的孢子果通常有着某类子实层体，譬如生长在菌盖下侧的菌褶、菌管或菌齿。



分类


菌盖有许多种形状：最常见的为半球形的凸面状，大部分凸面状的菌盖在成熟后会变成扁平状。许多知名菌类都具有此等形状，包括双孢蘑菇、多种鹅膏菌以及牛肝菌。


高大环柄菇等部分菌类的菌盖是中央突起的，这被称作中凸状。此外，有许多真菌像鸡油菇一样有着漏斗或喇叭形状的外观，它们的菌盖是漏斗状的。






  • 钟状







  • 圆锥状







  • 凸面状







  • 下陷状







  • 扁平状







  • 漏斗状







  • 偏移状







  • 卵圆状







  • 中凹状







  • 中凸状






参见



  • 菌褶

  • 菌柄



外部链接


  • IMA真菌学词典：菌盖（Pileus）



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