六識

Multi tool use
六識,佛教術語,識的分類法之一,為六種感官認知的功能,為眼識、耳識、鼻識、舌識、身識及意識六者的合稱,六識的集合稱為六識身,形成六識界。與六根、六塵,合稱為十八界。
若單立意識,則餘者稱五識。瑜伽行唯識學派則加上末那識與阿賴耶識,稱為八識。
概論
《雜阿含經》將識蘊分為六者,即六識[1]。部派佛教,如說一切有部等,多以六識立說[2]。
大乘經典中,如《般若波羅密多心經》、《大般若波羅蜜多經》只列出六識[3][4]。
龍樹在《大智度論》中曾提出,佛說六識,意識所緣的諸法都是生滅法,如果存在「我法」的話,應該有第七識去識別它,但是沒有第七識存在,因此無我[5]。清辨等中觀論師只立六識[6]。現代佛教研究者,如印順等人,認為八識學說為大乘佛教後期才被提出[7]。
分類
在十八界中,分為根、塵、識三組,其中眼識、耳識、鼻識、舌識、身識、意識等六者,合稱六識。
有些佛教部派認為意沒有實體,不立為根,去除意根,將其餘眼、耳、鼻、舌、身五者,合稱五根。與五根相對,則去除意識後,稱為五識。
相關條目
註釋
^ 《雜阿含經》卷3〈60經〉:「云何識受陰?謂六識身。何等為六?謂眼識身,乃至意識身,是名識受陰。」
^ 《阿毘達磨法蘊足論》卷11:「云何識界,謂六識身。即眼識乃至意識,是名識界。」
^ 玄奘譯《般若波羅密多心經》:「是故空中無色,無受、想、行、識;無眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意;無色、聲、香、味、觸、法;無眼界,乃至無意識界。」
^ 玄奘譯《大般若波羅蜜多經》卷595:「善勇猛!眼識界非眼識界所行,耳、鼻、舌、身、意識界亦非耳、鼻、舌、身、意識界所行。善勇猛!眼識界非眼識界所行,故無知無見,若於眼識界無知無見,是謂般若波羅蜜多。善勇猛!耳、鼻、舌、身、意識界亦非耳、鼻、舌、身、意識界所行,故無知無見,若於耳、鼻、舌、身、意識界無知無見,是謂般若波羅蜜多。」
^ 《大智度論》卷12:「問曰:云何我不可得?答曰:如上我聞一時中已說,今當更說。佛說六識:眼識及眼識相應法,共緣色,不緣屋舍、城郭種種諸名。耳、鼻、舌、身識,亦如是。意識及意識相應法,知眼、知色、知眼識,乃至知意、知法、知意識。是識所緣法,皆空無我。生滅故,不自在故。無為法中亦不計我,苦樂不受故。是中若彊有我法,應當有第七識識我;而今不爾,以是故知無我。」
^ 圓測《解深密經疏》:「諸聲聞藏。但說六識。而無七八。具如諸教。今依大乘。自有兩釋。一,龍猛等,但說六識。是故清辨菩薩所造《中觀心論》入真甘露品云:『離六識外。無別阿賴耶識。眼等六識所不攝故。猶如空華。』故知彼宗唯立六識。二,彌勒宗,依《金光明》等,具立八識。」
^ 印順 《佛法概論》:「佛教後期,發展為七識說,八識說,九識說。佛的區別識類,本以六根為主要根據,唯有眼等六根,那裡會有七識、八識?大乘學者所說的第七識、第八識,都不過是意識的細分。」p.111。
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