酰肼




酰肼的通式。（其中的酰基原子还可以是其他原子）

酰肼（Hydrazide）是一类通式为(R1=O)R2-N-N-R3R4的有机含氮化合物，是肼类的酰基取代物。[1]它们可以通过肼及衍生物与酰氯或酯反应制备：[2][3]



RC(=O)Cl + H2NNR'2 → RC(=O)NHNR'2

RC(=O)OCH3 + H2NNR'2 → RC(=O)NHNR'2


酰肼与亚硝酸或亚硝酸酯加热时反应，生成酰基叠氮，发生Curtius重排反应转化为异氰酸酯，水解得到少一个碳的胺：


RC(=O)NHNH2 + HNO2 → [RC(=O)N3] → R-N=C=O

最简单的酰肼是甲酰肼。


常见的酰肼有：对甲苯磺酰肼（1）、1,3,5-三异丙基苯磺酰肼（2）、异烟肼（3）、N,N'-二乙酰肼（4）、苯磺酰肼（5）、乙酰肼（6），见下图。醛酮转化为烯烃的Shapiro反应中也使用到了对甲苯磺酰肼。


酰肼 例子


参见




  • 肼 (无机) - H2N-NH2


  • 肼 (有机) - H2N-NHR


  • 腙 - H2N-N=CR1R2



参考资料






维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：酰肼




  1. ^ IUPAC金色书对“酰肼”的定义：[1]。


  2. ^ Li, B.; Bemish, R. J.; Bill, D. R.; Brenek, S.; Buzon, R. A.; Chiu, C. K.-F.; Newell, L. Organic Syntheses, Vol. 81, p.254 (2005). Article


  3. ^ Friedman, L.; Litle, R. L.; Reichle W. R. Organic Syntheses, Coll. Vol. 5, p.1055 (1973); Vol. 40, p.93 (1960). Article

















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肼及其衍生物

无机肼



  • 肼 （联氨）

  • 𨥙

  • 四氟肼

  • 肼基钠
有机肼


  • 酰肼

  • 腙


















脂肪肼/芳香肼


  • 苯肼

  • 2,4-二硝基苯肼

  • 1,2-二甲基肼

  • 偏二甲肼
酰肼（单取代）


  • 甲酰肼

  • 4-PTSC

  • Acylhydrazine

  • 己二酰肼

  • Adjudin

  • Agaritine

  • Benmoxin

  • Cadralazine

  • Carbazide

  • Carbidopa

  • Carbohydrazide

  • Daminozide

  • Dihydralazine

  • Endralazine

  • Gyromitrin

  • HBT

  • 肼屈嗪

  • Iproclozide

  • Iproniazid

  • Isocarboxazid

  • 异烟肼

  • Mebanazine

  • Metfendrazine

  • MMH

  • Nialamide

  • Octamoxin

  • PEH

  • Phenelzine

  • Pheniprazine

  • Phenoxypropazine

  • Pildralazine

  • Pimagedine

  • Pivalylbenzhydrazine

  • Procarbazine

  • Safrazine

  • 氨基脲

  • Semicarbazone
酰肼（二取代）

  • 鲁米诺






























Benzene balls.png  酰肼是一个关于有机化合物的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。







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