依克唐阿

Multi tool use
依克唐阿(满语:ᡳᡴᡨᠠᠩᡤᠠ,转写:Iktangga;1834年-1899年),字堯山,扎拉里氏(漢譯姓張[1]),滿洲鑲黃旗人,晚清軍事人物,勇號法什尚阿巴圖魯,諡誠勇。
生平
生於吉林伊通馬家屯[2]。早年從軍,隨副都統開隆阿入關[2],從征江南,討伐捻軍。敗張洛行於大回村、濉溪口,屢著戰績,積勳升至佐領。同治初年,馬賊陷伊通,依克唐阿以少襲眾,斬馬賊劉果發等,又破昌圖,攻克劉家店,復長春廳。[3]同治五年(1866年),遷協領,賜號法什尚阿巴圖魯(誠勇的意思)[2]。
同治8年(1869年),墨爾根(今黑龍江嫩江)副都統。光緒二年(1876年)任黑龍江副都統。光緒五年(1879年),移呼蘭,任呼蘭副都統。光緒六年(1880年),因母憂解職。這時俄國對議改《伊犁條約》不滿,烏里雅蘇臺參贊喜昌知依克唐阿深諳戰術,請旨就近招募獵戶守衛琿春。依克唐阿遂募兵五千擇隘分守,並親自率師駐守琿春。琿春是清廷邊陲重鎮,俄國多次窺伺海參崴,清廷議設立副都統鎮守琿春,於是依克唐阿又改調琿春副都統。光緒十年(1884年),被命佐吉林軍事。光緒十五年(1889年),擢黑龍江將軍。
光緒二十年(1894年),甲午戰爭爆發,日軍攻佔平壤,全據朝鮮,並渡鴨綠江西進。依克唐阿在上游抵禦日軍。一面山一戰,依軍左翼被日軍擊潰,右翼統領永山遇伏陣亡,依克唐阿保餘軍撒退,責令革職以圖後効。光緒二十一年(1895年),日軍陷海城,遼西危急,清廷令長順守遼陽、依克唐阿助戰,並發帑金五十萬兩濟依軍。清軍決議以攻爲守進取海城,但五攻海城失敗。
甲午戰後,依克唐阿上練兵隊、築礮臺、造鐵路、製槍械、開礦產、治團練六事,清廷以礦政要緊,敕妥籌開採。光緒二十一年(1895年),晉頭品秩,授鑲黃旗漢軍都統。同年秋天,遷盛京將軍,任內打擊貪污,整頓營制、釐稅,一年間增餉銀數十萬兩,並撤還金州奉軍,杜絕俄國藉口,境內稱治。光緒二十五年(1899年),逝世,諡誠勇,予建祠。
参考文獻
^ 悲剧英雄依克唐阿[永久失效連結]
^ 2.02.12.2 伊通名人>依克唐阿[永久失效連結]
^ 清史稿卷461・列傳248
- 前任:
- 恭鏜
|
- 黑龍江將軍
- 1889年-1894年
|
- 繼任:
- 恩澤
|
- 前任:
- 裕祿
|
- 盛京將軍
- 1895年-1899年
|
- 繼任:
- 增祺
|
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