Asteroideae







































Asteroideae

Aster amellus Sturm6-cropped.jpg
Illustration of Aster amellus from tribe Astereae

Scientific classification e
Kingdom:
Plantae

Clade:
Angiosperms

Clade:
Eudicots

Clade:
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Subfamily:
Asteroideae
Lindl.

Tribes


  • Anthemideae

  • Astereae

  • Athroismeae

  • Bahieae

  • Calenduleae

  • Chaenactideae

  • Coreopsideae

  • Doroniceae

  • Eupatorieae

  • Feddeeae

  • Gnaphalieae

  • Helenieae

  • Heliantheae

  • Inuleae

  • Madieae

  • Millerieae

  • Neurolaeneae

  • Perityleae

  • Plucheeae

  • Polymnieae

  • Senecioneae

  • Tageteae



Asteroideae is a subfamily of the plant family Asteraceae. It contains about 70% of the species of the family.[2] It is made of several tribes, including Astereae, Calenduleae, Eupatorieae, Gnaphalieae, Heliantheae, Senecioneae and Tageteae. Asteroideae contains plants found all over the world, many of which are shrubby. There are about 1,135 genera and 17,200 species within this subfamily; the largest genera by number of species are Helichrysum (500-600) and Artemisia (550). Asteroideae is said to have begun approximately 46-36.5 million years ago.[3]




Contents






  • 1 Tribes


  • 2 Common characteristics


  • 3 Uses


  • 4 Classification


  • 5 References


  • 6 External links





Tribes


This subfamily is composed of 21 tribes that are broken into 3 supertribes: Senecionodae, Asterodae, and Helianthodae. Senecioneae contains about 120 genera and more than 3200 species that are found in more temperate areas.[4] Asterodae contains many economically important plants such as the chrysanthemums, common daisy, and the asters. The third super tribe is the Helianthodae, which is the largest of the three, containing 16 of the 21 tribes.[5]



Common characteristics


This family will often have radiate style heads but some could have discoid or disciform. They contain ray florets that are three lobed and are also considered perfect flower implying that it is bisexual. Many contain stigmatic surfaces that are separated by two marginal bands and terminal sterile appendages with sweeping hairs.[6]



Uses


The subfamily Asteroideae has many genera within the tribes that have economic uses. The Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Guizotia abyssinica (niger seed) are all used as oil seed crops. Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) is used for culinary herb and Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is a rubber source. Some of the other genera are used as ornamentals; those are Dendranthema spp. (chrysanthemum), Callistephus, Cosmos, Tagetes (marigold), and many others.[7]



Classification


Since 2004, the 21 tribes have been grouped into three supertribes:[2]




  • Senecionodae

    • Senecioneae (Doronicum is sometimes placed in a separate tribe Doroniceae[8])



  • Asterodae


    • Anthemideae (including chrysanthemums)


    • Astereae (including asters and the common daisy)


    • Calenduleae (including calendulas)

    • Gnaphalieae




  • Helianthodae

    • Athroismeae

    • Bahieae

    • Chaenactideae


    • Coreopsideae (including cosmos and dahlias)

    • Eupatorieae

    • Feddeeae


    • Helenieae (including gaillardias)


    • Heliantheae (including sunflowers and zinnias)

    • Inuleae

    • Madieae

    • Millerieae

    • Neurolaeneae

    • Perityleae


    • Plucheeae[9]

    • Polymnieae


    • Tageteae (including marigolds)





References





  1. ^ UniProt. "Asteroideae". Retrieved 2008-06-13..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ ab Asteraceae, Tree of Life Web Project


  3. ^ Huang, C. -H; Zhang, C; Liu, M; Hu, Y; Gao, T; Qi, J; Ma, H (2016). "Multiple polyploidization events across Asteraceae with two nested events in the early history revealed by nuclear phylogenomics". Mol. Biol. Evol. 33 (11): 2820–2835. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw157. PMC 5062320. PMID 27604225.


  4. ^ Barkley, Theodore M.; Brouillet, Luc; Strother, John L. "Asteraceae tribe Senecioneae". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee. Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 19, 20, and 21. New York and Oxford – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.


  5. ^ Panero, J.L; Crozier, B.S. "Asteraceae". Sunflowers, daisies. Missing or empty |url= (help)


  6. ^ Lindley, J. "The Vegetable Kingdom".


  7. ^ Murrell, Z.E (2010). Vascular Plant Taxonomy. Kendall Hunt Publishing Compant.


  8. ^ Fernandez, I (2001), "A Phylogenetic Analysis of Doronicum (Asteraceae, Senecioneae) Based on Morphological, Nuclear Ribosomal (ITS), and Chloroplast (trnL-F) Evidence", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 20 (1): 41–64, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.331.4339, doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.0954, PMID 11421647


  9. ^ Anderberg, A (2005), "Evolutionary relationships in the Asteraceae tribe Inuleae (incl. Plucheeae) evidenced by DNA sequences of F; with notes on the systematic positions of some aberrant genera", Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 5 (2): 135–146, doi:10.1016/j.ode.2004.10.015




External links




  • The dictionary definition of Asteroideae at Wiktionary


  • Media related to Asteroideae at Wikimedia Commons


  • Data related to Asteroideae at Wikispecies









-

Popular posts from this blog

Lambaréné

Image
Place in Moyen-Ogooué, Gabon Lambaréné Street in Lambaréné Lambaréné Location in Gabon Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E  /  0.68833°S 10.23194°E  / -0.68833; 10.23194 Coordinates: 0°41′18″S 10°13′55″E  /  0.68833°S 10.23194°E  / -0.68833; 10.23194 Country   Gabon Province Moyen-Ogooué Population (2013 census)  • Total 38,775 Lambaréné is a town and the capital of Moyen-Ogooué in Gabon. With a population of 38,775 as of 2013, it is located 75 kilometres south of the equator. Lambaréné is based in the Central African Rainforest at the river Ogooué. This river divides the city into 3 districts: Rive Gauche, Ile Lambaréné and Rive Droite. The Albert Schweitzer Hospital and the districts Adouma and Abongo are located on Rive Droite. The districts Atongowanga, Sahoty, Dakar, Grand Village, Château, Lalala and Bordamur build the Ile Lambaréné. The majority of the people in Lambaréné live in the district Isaac located on Rive Gauche. This distr
Read more

Chris Pine

Image
Not to be confused with Christopher Pyne or Chris Pyne. Chris Pine Pine in 2018 Born Christopher Whitelaw Pine ( 1980-08-26 ) August 26, 1980 (age 38) Los Angeles, California, U.S. Alma mater UC Berkeley Occupation Actor Years active 2003–present Parent(s) Robert Pine Gwynne Gilford Relatives Anne Gwynne (grandmother) Christopher Whitelaw Pine (born August 26, 1980) [1] [2] is an American actor. Pine made his feature debut as Lord Devereaux in The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004). He is known for playing James T. Kirk in the Star Trek reboot film series (2009–2016), Will in Unstoppable (2010), Cinderella's Prince in Into the Woods (2014), Jack Ryan in Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014), Toby Howard in Hell or High Water (2016), Bernie Webber in The Finest Hours (2016), Steve Trevor in Wonder Woman (2017), and Dr. Alexander Murry in A Wrinkle in Time (2018). Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 2.1 2003–200
Read more

Kashihara Line

Image
Kashihara Line   B   A Kashihara Line train passing Yakushi-ji temple Overview Native name 橿原線 Type Commuter rail System Kintetsu Railway Locale Nara, Nara, Japan Yamtokoriyama, Nara, Japan Tenri, Nara, Japan Kawanishi, Nara, Japan Miyake, Nara, Japan Tawaramoto, Nara, Japan Kashihara , Nara, Japan Termini Yamato-Saidaiji Kashiharajingu-mae Stations 17 Operation Opened April 1, 1921 ; 98 years ago  ( 1921-04-01 ) Owner Kintetsu Railway Character Commuter rail Technical Line length 23.8 km (14.8 mi) Track gauge 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8   1 ⁄ 2  in ) Minimum radius 240 m Electrification 1,500 V DC Overhead lines Operating speed 100 km/h (60 mph) [1] The Kashihara Line ( 橿原線 , Kashihara-sen ) is a 23.8 km (14.8 mi) north-south bound railway line in Nara Prefecture, Japan, owned and operated by the Kintetsu Railway, a private railway operator. It connects Yamato-Saidaiji Station and Kashiharajingu
Read more