駕崩




駕崩，也做崩、山陵崩，宾天，是在漢文化圈中表示天子死亡的委婉说法。



詞彙來源


“駕崩”源自《礼记·曲礼下》：“天子死曰崩”。“驾”则出自《后汉书·舆服志》“天子出，有大驾，有法驾，有小驾”。亦稱“宮車晏駕”（語出《史記·范睢蔡澤列傳》）、“龍馭上賓”（語出《史記·封禪書》）等。天子崩殂後，七日而殯，七月而葬。“崩駕”則指皇后﹑太后等逝世。


“賓天”典故出於黃帝，相傳黃帝最後乘龍返回天界離開人間，稱「龍馭賓天」，故賓天也成了天子死亡的委婉說法。元周密《齊東野語·卷十七·龔孟戣策問》：「明年秋，度宗賓天。」宾天有时也可指达官贵人之死，而非仅针对天子。[1]



用法


剛辭世的天子（皇帝）一般称大行皇帝，而加諡號後，以諡號稱呼之。


日本亦以「崩御」（ほうぎょ Hōgyo）一字來表示國家君主已經去世。


英文中的“Demise of the Crown”直译为“王位下傳”，但未必完全指君主国家君主或君主配偶逝世，也可指生前传位。



注释





  1. ^ 《红楼梦》第六三回：“忽见东府里几个人，慌慌张张跑来，说：‘老爷宾天了！’”









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