Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands




"Tropical savanna" redirects here. For the climate classification, see Tropical savanna climate.



Extent of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands


Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands is a terrestrial habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.[1]. The biome is dominated by grass and/or shrubs located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes.




Contents






  • 1 Description


  • 2 Occurrence


  • 3 Ecoregions


  • 4 See also


  • 5 References





Description


Grassland is dominated by grass and other herbaceous plants. Savanna is grassland with scattered trees. Shrubland is dominated by woody or herbaceous shrubs.


Large expanses of land in the tropics do not receive enough rainfall to support extensive tree cover. The tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are characterized by rainfall levels between 90–150 centimetres (35–59 in) per year.[1] Rainfall can be highly seasonal, with the entire year's rainfall sometimes occurring within a couple of weeks.


African savannas occur between forest or woodland regions and grassland regions. Flora includes acacia and baobab trees, grass, and low shrubs. Acacia trees lose their leaves in dry season to conserve moisture, while the baobab stores water in its trunk for the dry season.


Large mammals that have evolved to take advantage of the ample forage typify the biodiversity associated with these habitats. These large mammal faunas are richest in African savannas and grasslands. The most intact assemblages currently occur in East African Acacia savannas and Zambezian savannas consisting of mosaics of miombo, mopane, and other habitats.[2] Large-scale migration of tropical savanna herbivores, such as wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) and zebra (Equus quagga), are continuing to decline through habitat alteration and hunting.[1] They now only occur to any significant degree only in East Africa and the central Zambezian region. Much of the extraordinary abundance of Guinean and Sahelian savannas has been eliminated, although the savannas in the Sudd region are one of the last places where large-scale migrations of Ugandan Kob still occur.[1]



Occurrence


Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands occur on all continents but Antarctica. They are widespread in Africa, and are also found all throughout South Asia, the northern parts of South America and Australia, and the southern United States.



Ecoregions














































































































Afrotropic Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

  • v

  • t

  • e




Angolan Miombo woodlands
Angola

Angolan Mopane woodlands
Angola, Namibia

Ascension scrub and grasslands
Ascension Island

Central Zambezian Miombo woodlands
Angola, Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia

East Sudanian savanna
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia South Sudan, Sudan, Uganda

Eastern Miombo woodlands
Mozambique, Tanzania

Guinean forest-savanna mosaic
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo

Itigi-Sumbu thicket
Tanzania, Zambia

Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands
Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe

Mandara Plateau mosaic
Cameroon, Nigeria

Northern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda

Northern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Uganda

Sahelian Acacia savanna
Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, Sudan

Serengeti
Kenya, Tanzania

Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia

Southern Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
Kenya, Tanzania

Southern Africa bushveld
Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe

Southern Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Southern Miombo woodlands
Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Saint Helena scrub and woodlands
Saint Helena

Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic
Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

West Sudanian savanna
Benin, Burkina Faso, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal

Western Congolian forest-savanna mosaic
Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo

Western Zambezian grasslands
Angola, Zambia

Zambezian and Mopane woodlands
Botswana, Eswatini (Swaziland), Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands
Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe









































Australasia Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

  • v

  • t

  • e




Arnhem Land tropical savanna
 Australia

Brigalow tropical savanna
 Australia

Cape York tropical savanna
 Australia

Carpentaria tropical savanna
 Australia

Einasleigh upland savanna
 Australia

Kimberley tropical savanna
 Australia

Mitchell grass downs
 Australia

Trans Fly savanna and grasslands
Indonesia, Papua New Guinea

Victoria Plains tropical savanna
 Australia









Indomalaya Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

  • v

  • t

  • e




Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands
Bhutan, India, Nepal









Nearctic Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

  • v

  • t

  • e




Western Gulf coastal grasslands
Mexico, United States













































Neotropic Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

  • v

  • t

  • e




Aripo Savannas
Trinidad

Beni savanna
Bolivia

Campos rupestres
Brazil

Cerrado
Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay

Clipperton Island shrub and grasslands
 Clipperton Island is an overseas territory of France

Córdoba montane savanna
Argentina

Guianan savanna
Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela

Gran Chaco
Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay

Los Llanos
Venezuela, Colombia

Uruguayan savanna
Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay

















Oceania Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

  • v

  • t

  • e




Hawaiian tropical high shrublands
Hawaiʻi

Hawaiian tropical low shrublands
Hawaiʻi

Northwestern Hawaii scrub
Hawaiʻi


See also


  • Tropical vegetation


References





  1. ^ abcd  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license. World Wide Fund for Nature. "Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrubland Ecoregions". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ McClanahan, TR; Young, TP, eds. (1996). East African ecosystems and their conservation. New York: Oxford University Press.










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