纽芬兰岛
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纽芬兰岛
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| 地理 |
|---|
| 位置 |
北大西洋
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| 坐标 |
49°9′10.69″N 156°7′5.39″W / 49.1529694°N 156.1181639°W / 49.1529694; -156.1181639
|
| 面積 |
111,390平方公里 |
|
| 管轄 |
|---|
加拿大
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纽芬兰与拉布拉多省
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| 最大聚居地 |
圣约翰斯（人口196,966） |
| 人口统计 |
|---|
| 人口 |
466,172（2011）
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坐标：49°9′10.69″N 56°7′5.39″W / 49.1529694°N 56.1181639°W / 49.1529694; -56.1181639
纽芬兰岛（英语：Newfoundland，法语：Terre-Neuve，意指「新尋獲之地」），是一位於北大西洋的大型島嶼，属加拿大紐芬蘭與拉布拉多省管辖。该岛面积111,390平方公里，人口466,172人（2001年统计）。纽芬兰岛西北隔贝尔岛海峡与拉布拉多半岛相隔。主要城市圣约翰斯除了是島上人口最多的城市外，也是紐芬蘭與拉布拉多省的首府。
历史
印第安人是岛上最早的居民，10世纪末期，维京人自格陵兰航行至此，他们试图在岛上建立定居点，但是在1006年遭到了岛民的反抗，被迫撤退。此后，直到1497年，该岛才被意大利航海家约翰·卡波特再次发现并命名。1583年，英国宣布纽芬兰为其殖民地，但是一直未能对其建立有效统治，法国一度控制了该岛的南岸和西岸。1763年，根据1763年巴黎條約，法国撤出纽芬兰，仅保留了在圣劳伦斯河河口的圣皮埃尔和密克隆两个小岛，英国确立了对该岛的统治。
一战中，纽芬兰军队在法国遭受了惨重损失，据估计，在战斗中该岛失去了四分之一的青壮年男子。这使得该岛的经济在战后瀕临崩溃。纽芬兰在一战后一度成为独立的国家，直到1949年方才放弃独立地位，加入加拿大。作为加拿大最年轻的省，纽芬兰在文化上显示出颇为不同的特色。
生物
紐芬蘭狼（Canis lupus beothucus）原生活於此，因人類捕殺而在二十世紀初滅絕。據描述，牠的身型大，體毛白色。原本由紐芬蘭白狼所佔據的生態位目前已被來自加拿大大陸的東方郊狼替代。
外部连结
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查询維基詞典中的纽芬兰岛。 |
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：纽芬兰岛
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- Government of Newfoundland and Labrador.
- Religion, Society, and Culture in Newfoundland and Labrador
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