斜压

Multi tool use
斜壓(英语:Baroclinic)是指等壓面和等溫面(等密度面)出現交角、不平行的現象。
在流体动力学中,层结流体的斜压性(通常称为斜压)是指压力梯度与流体中密度梯度的偏差。[1] [2] 在气象学中,斜压大气是密度同时取决于温度和压强; 与正压大气相比,正压大气中密度只取决于压力。 在大气学科中,地球的正压区域通常位于中纬度或热带地区,而斜压区一般位于中纬度或极地地区。
中緯度地區是其中一個經常出現斜壓的區域。由於受太陽照射差異使南北溫差大,西風帶的氣壓槽脊一般隨高度向西傾斜,而溫度槽脊則向東傾斜,造成等壓面和等溫面不平行。[1]
斜压性正比于
{displaystyle nabla ptimes nabla rho }
它正比于等压面于等密面之间交角的正弦。因此,在正压流体(即无斜压性)中,三个平面(等温面、等压面、等密面)是平行的。
大气中的高斜压性区域的特点是形成气旋的频率较高。
參考資料
^ 香港熱帶氣旋追擊站. HKCOC熱帶氣旋字典——斜字:斜壓. [3-5-2015]. (繁体中文)
气象数据与参数
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常规 |
- 绝热过程
- 平流
- 浮力
- 氣溫垂直遞減率
- 闪电
- 紫外線指數
- 懸浮粒子
- 太陽輻射
- 气象分析
- 太阳光
- 能見度
- 雨量
- 涡量
- 風
- 風速
- 风切变
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凝结 |
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對流 |
- 對流有效位能
- 對流抑制指數
- 對流不穩定
- 對流溫度
- 自由对流层
- 螺旋性
- 抬升指數
- 理查遜數
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溫度 |
- 露点
- 相對溫度
- 相當溫度
- 絕對溫度
- 濕度
- 相對濕度
- 位溫
- 相當位溫
- 海面溫度
- 乾球温度
- 湿球温度
- 濕球位溫
- 蒸氣壓
- 热力学温度
- 風寒指數
- 酷熱指數
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压力 |
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Marshall, J., and R.A. Plumb. 2007. Atmosphere, Ocean, and Climate Dynamics. Academic Press,
Holton, J. R., 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, 3d edition, Academic Press, p. 77.
Charney, J. G. (1947). "The dynamics of long waves in a baroclinic westerly current". Journal of Meteorology. 4 (5): 136–162. Bibcode:1947JAtS....4..136C. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1947)004<0136:TDOLWI>2.0.CO;2.
Eady, E. T. (August 1949). "Long Waves and Cyclone Waves". Tellus. 1 (3): 33–52. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1949.tb01265.x.
Nadiga, B. T.; Aurnou, J. M. (2008). "A Tabletop Demonstration of Atmospheric Dynamics: Baroclinic Instability". Oceanography. 21 (4): 196–201. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2008.24.
"Lab demos from MIT's Programmes in Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Archived May 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
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